I-Antivirus Yekhompyutha: Iyini, yenzelwe ini, futhi yiziphi izinhlelo ezingcono kakhulu zokuvikela ikhompyutha yakho?

Uma wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani ochwepheshe bephikelela ekuvuseleleni njalo isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus , impendulo isezigabeni zalesi sihloko.

Izinhlelo ze-antivirus ziyisofthiwe yekhompyutha esezikhona iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35 . Impumelelo yazo ibangelwa usizo ezilunikezayo ekulweni hhayi kuphela namagciwane , kodwa futhi ne-spyware, izikelemu, nezinye izinhlobo ze -malware.

Kulesi sihloko, sizokukhombisa umlando wesofthiwe ye-antivirus, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, kanye nomehluko phakathi kwayo ne-firewall . Uzobona nokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ze-antivirus ezinhle kakhulu ezitholakalayo njengamanje.

Iyini i-antivirus futhi lezi zinhlelo zekhompyutha zisetshenziselwani?

Into yokuqala okudingeka siyichaze igama elithi "malware ." Lokhu kubhekisela eqoqweni lezinhlelo zekhompyutha ezenzelwe ukulimaza uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakiwe kwi-PC ukuze kukhishwe ulwazi olubucayi futhi kuqashwe umsebenzi womsebenzisi. Ngamanye amazwi, leli qembu elikhulu lezinhlelo ezinonya lihlanganisa amagciwane, i-spyware, i-adware, ama-worm, nezinye eziningi.

Zadalwa ngabantu noma izinkampani eziphishekela umgomo othile, ngokuvamile ubugebengu . Zibonakala ngokufakwa kukhompyutha ngaphandle kolwazi lomsebenzisi . Ngaphezu kwalokho, zidinga usizo lomsebenzisi ukuze zifinyelele kudivayisi.

Ngakho-ke, singagcizelela ukuthi izindlela ezikhethwayo zalezi zinhlelo ezinonya ngama-imeyili namafayela abiwe emithonjeni engabazekayo. Uma sesicacisile ukuthi iyini i-malware namagciwane , singasho ukuthi i-antivirus uhlelo lwekhompyutha oluzinikele ekutholeni zonke lezi zinhlelo zesofthiwe ezinonya.

Zisebenza ngesikhathi sangempela futhi zidinga izibuyekezo eziqhubekayo ukuze zithole amafayela ayingozi akamuva. Kulula kakhulu ukuwasebenzisa . Mane nje ufake i-antivirus kukhompyutha yakho bese uyilungiselela ukuthi isebenze njalo ngemuva . Lokhu kuzokwazisa nganoma yiziphi izinsongo eziseduze , kuvimbele i-malware ukuthi ingafinyeleli.

Umlando kanye nokuvela kwesofthiwe ye-antivirus: Kushintshe kanjani eminyakeni edlule?

Ngo-1984, i-Reaper yanqunywa ukuthi iyona uhlelo lokuqala lwe-antivirus . Lolu hlelo lwasungulwa ngo-1972 ukulwa negciwane elalihlasela amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha abizwa ngokuthi "i-Creeper ." Nakuba ukusebenza kwalo kwakufana nalokho esikwaziyo namuhla njenge-worm , njengoba lingaziphindaphinda futhi lizifake kwamanye amakhompyutha , umgomo walo kwakuwukuhlaziya umfudlana wedatha wekhompyutha ethelelekile ukuze kukhishwe futhi kuqedwe igciwane.

Uma sibheka isofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane njengoba siyazi namuhla, singasho ukuthi eyokuqala yasungulwa ngo-1988 futhi yayihloselwe ukuqeda igciwane, elakhishwa ngonyaka odlule, elibizwa ngokuthi " uBrian ." Leli gciwane lathinta ukusebenza kwama -hard drive futhi ladluliselwa nge-imeyili ngemiyalezo evela koxhumana nabo abathembekile.

Uhlelo lwe-antivirus lwalusebenza ngokuqhathanisa amagama nezandiso zamafayela ezingaba yingozi kwikhompyutha uma ziqhathaniswa nedathabheyisi . Kulezi zinsuku, izinhlelo ze-antivirus azihlaziyi futhi zenze lo msebenzi kuphela, kodwa futhi ziskena ikhodi yohlelo ukuze zivimbele noma yimaphi amafayela ayingozi ukuthi angangeni kwikhompyutha.

Isofthiwe ye-antivirus isebenza kanjani ukuze isivikele? Izindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenza

Ukubuyekeza isofthiwe ye-antivirus kubalulekile ukuze lezi zinhlelo zivikele ikhompyutha yakho ngempumelelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-patch ngayinye noma inguqulo entsha ilanda uhlu lolwazi olusha mayelana namagciwane asanda kudalwa kanye ne-malware. Le database iyadingeka ukuze i-antivirus iyiqhathanise nezinhlelo ofuna ukuzifaka kukhompyutha yakho.

Ngamanye amazwi, njalo uma udinga ukulanda ifayela, i-antivirus iqhathanisa lolo lwazi nesizindalwazi sayo. Uma ithola noma yini esolisayo, ivimba ukulanda bese ikhipha isexwayiso . Ngakho-ke, ngokuqhathanisa amafayela akukhompyutha yakho (noma lawo ofuna ukuwalanda kudivayisi yakho) nesizindalwazi sayo , yenza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezenzo.

Lezi izi:

• Lungisa idokhumenti ethelelekile, ukususa ngokuphelele igciwaneLokhu kwenza ulwazi oluqukethwe kulelo fayela luphinde lusebenze.
• Uma kwenzeka ayikwazi ukuyilungisa njengoba kunjalo ephuzwini elidlule, UyayihlukanisaLokhu kuvimbela ukufinyelela kukhompyutha, kodwa akukususi.
• Yenza ukuskena okuhlala njalo yamafayela anesistimu okufanele iwathole ukuziphatha okusolisayo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-antivirus kanye ne-firewall?

I-firewall iyisofthiwe efakwe kudivayisi exhunywe kunethiwekhi ukuphatha amaphakethe edatha angenayo . Umsebenzi wayo ukuqhathanisa ukugeleza kolwazi nezinqubo ezahlukene ezichazwe ngaphambilini. Ngamanye amazwi, uma ulwazi lungahlangabezani nezidingo ze-firewall, ngeke luvunyelwe ukufinyelela kumakhompyutha akunethiwekhi, noma ngabe akuyona i-malware.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma igciwane lingalandela iphrothokholi , lizokwazi ukungena kunoma iyiphi i-node kunethiwekhi. Umehluko ngesofthiwe ye-antivirus ukuthi le yokugcina ayinciki kumaphrothokholi okuphepha anikezwe kusengaphambili ; kunalokho, ihlaziya i-malware ngokumelene nesizindalwazi sayo bese iyisusa kukhompyutha. Isofthiwe ye-antivirus kanye ne-firewall ingafakwa kunoma iyiphi i-node kunethiwekhi noma ngqo ku- router.

Uhlu lwezinhlelo ze-antivirus ezinhle kakhulu okufanele uzazi ukuze uvikele ikhompyutha yakho

Ngezansi, sizokwethula izinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu ze-antivirus ongazisebenzisa ukuvikela ikhompyutha yakho, sikhethe leyo efanela izidingo zakho:

Isivikeli magciwane samahhala se-AVG

Kumahhala ukulanda futhi kunikeza isivikelo esiphezulu ngokumelene ne-spyware, amagciwane, kanye nabaduni . Ungalungiselela ikhamera yekhompyutha yakho ukuthi ivikelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, uvimbele abahlaseli ukuthi bayifinyelele, ngenxa yamathuluzi ayo anamandla okususa i-ransomware . Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezici zesikhathi sangempela ezigcina i-PC yakho ihlanzekile ngokususa ngokushesha nangokuphumelelayo i-adware kanye ne-bloatware.

Izokwenza futhi ibhethri lekhompyutha yakho ephathekayo lihlale isikhathi eside kakhulu . Uhlobo lokubethela elilusebenzisayo yi -256-bit AES. Iyatholakala kwiWindows, macOS, kanye neLinux , futhi uma uthanda, ungathuthukela kwi-akhawunti ye-premium efaka izinsizakalo ezengeziwe zeseva ye- VPN kanye namathuluzi ebhizinisi akhethekile.

Landa i-AVG ye-Windows

Landa i-AVG ye-macOS

I-Avast!

Kungenye yezinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu ze-antivirus ezitholakalayo njengamanje. Labo abalande le software mahhala bajabulela izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha kumakhompyutha abo . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amathuluzi ayo enza ukuskena kwesikhathi sangempela okuphumelelayo kakhulu, asusa amagciwane, i-spyware, ama-worm, kanye ne-adware ngokushesha.

Kufanele wazi ukuthi ukusebenza kwekhompyutha yakho ngeke kuthinteke nganoma yisiphi isikhathi , njengoba i-antivirus yenzelwe ukungaphazamisi i-RAM noma iprosesa. Iyatholakala kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu ze-PC . Ngakho-ke, ungalanda inguqulo yamahhala noma uthenge okubhaliselwe konyaka. Lokhu kuzokunikeza ukufinyelela kuzici ezengeziwe, okuhlanganisa nekhono lokubona ezinye izinhlobo ze-malware.

Landa i-Avast ye-Windows

Landa i-Avast ye-macOS

I-Kaspersky Antivirus

Le antivirus enamandla ingasetshenziswa ekhaya noma ebhizinisini lakho , njengoba amathuluzi ayo ekuvumela ukuthi uthole ngokushesha wonke amagciwane akhona, kanye ne -spyware nanoma iyiphi enye i-malware . Ihambisana ne-Linux, i-macOS, ne-Windows, futhi ungakhetha phakathi kwenguqulo yamahhala nekhokhelwayo. Uzokwazi ukuskena amadrayivu e-USB asuswayo namafayela e-imeyili ngokushesha.

Ngale ndlela, ikhompyutha yakho izovikelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Phakathi kwezici ezivelele kakhulu zale antivirus umsebenzi wayo wokuhlanza , othuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo. Uma ufuna i-antivirus ethembekile nephumelelayo, iKaspersky ifanelekile, njengoba inesipiliyoni seminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 futhi ihlala ithola imiklomelo ehlonishwayo kochwepheshe bezobugebengu be-inthanethi.

Landa i-Kaspersky ye-Windows

Landa i-Kaspersky ye-macOS

I-Avira Security Antivirus

Le software izokuvumela ukuthi uvikele usesho lwakho lwe-inthanethi futhi uhlaziye ukulandwa kwezinhlelo ngaphambi kokuzifaka kukhompyutha yakho . Ngale ndlela, uzoba nomngane onamandla wokuvikela idatha yakho yomuntu siqu kanye neyomndeni wakho. Inikeza inguqulo yamahhala kanye nokubhaliswa konyaka okuhlanganisa iseva ye-VPN ukuvimbela ukulandelwa kwendawo yekhompyutha yakho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzokwazi ukuvimba izikhangiso futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kwekhompyutha yakho ngokususa amafayela angafuneki avimbela ukusetshenziswa kahle kwe -RAM kanye neprosesa . Iyatholakala ku- Windows futhi ochwepheshe bezokuphepha bayibheka njengenye yezinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezitholakalayo njengamanje.

Landa i-Avira ye-Windows

I-Antivirus Yendabuko yeWindows

Sigcine uhlelo lwe-antivirus oluvela ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-Windows . Lolu hlelo lufakwa kusengaphambili ku-OS ye-Microsoft , ngakho-ke ngeke kudingeke wenze lutho ukuze uthole leli thuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu. Nokho, khumbula ukuthi kuzodingeka ugcine uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza luvuselelwe .

Lokhu kuzovumela i-Windows Defender ukuthi ithole i-spyware, ama-worm, ama-virus, nanoma iyiphi enye i-malware ongase ube nayo ku-imeyili yakho, amafolda angaphakathi, noma idrayivu ye-USB . Kusukela ngesikhathi uvula i-PC yakho , uzoba nokuphepha okuphelele kanye nokufinyelela emibikweni ehlukahlukene yezikhathi ezithile ekhiqizayo, okukusiza ukuthi ubone imithombo engaba yingozi ongase uyisebenzise ngaphandle kokuqaphela izingozi.