Ubuhlakani Bokwenziwa: Kuyini, kusebenza kanjani, futhi yiziphi intuthuko ezinkulu kuze kube manje?

Ngokukhula kwamakhompyutha, izinqubo zomsebenzi wezandla zincishisiwe kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, le mishini iye yasetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izigaba, futhi abantu manje bathembele kakhulu kuyo.

Ngale ndlela, abantu abaningi bayazibuza, "Ingabe umshini ungacabanga futhi wenze njengabantu?" njengoba manje sesizungezwe ngokuphelele izinhlelo zamakhompyutha nemishini. Nakuba lokhu kwakuyinto yesayensi eqanjiwe ngaphambilini, eminyakeni edlule ithuba lokudala izinhlelo zokwenziwa ezikwazi ukucabanga nokwenza njengabantu liye lasetshenziswa.

Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwensimu ethakazelisayo ye-Artificial Intelligence (AI) , eseyiyingxenye yezimpilo zethu. Nakuba isesesigabeni sayo sokuqala, kulindeleke ukuthi ibe yimbangela yoguquko olufana nolwe-inthanethi . Ngakho-ke, sifuna ukukunikeza zonke izici ezibalulekile ze-AI.

Kuyini ubuhlakani bokwenziwa futhi yiziphi izimiso zabo?

Okokuqala, ake sibheke ukuthi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buyini. Empeleni, kuwukulingisa ubuhlakani bomuntu ngemishini futhi kungachazwa njengenhlanganisela yama-algorithm aklanyelwe ukudala izinhlelo ezibonisa amakhono afanayo nabantu . Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwama-algorithm ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi ukufunda, ukucabanga, kanye nokuzilungisa.

Ngamanye amazwi, i-AI ivelele njengomkhakha onesibopho sokusungula izinhlelo ezinekhono lokufunda nokucabanga ngendlela efanayo nabantu . Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangafunda kokuhlangenwe nakho, bathole ukuthi bangazixazulula kanjani izinkinga ngaphansi kwezimo ezinikeziwe, baqhathanise ulwazi, futhi benze imisebenzi enengqondo.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda imvelaphi ye-AI , umlando wayo kanye nokuziphendukela kwayo , ngisho nokuthi yini elindelekile kulokhu kulingisa esikhathini esizayo . Ngakho-ke, sizochaza konke okuhlobene nalokhu ngezansi:

Origen

Ngo-1956, igama elithi "Artificial Intelligence" laqanjwa usosayensi wekhompyutha waseMelika odumile, uJohn McCarthy . Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi seNgqungquthela yaseDartmouth , isenzakalo esibalulekile ngoba saphawula ngokusemthethweni ukuzalwa kwale mikhakha ethembisa kakhulu ikusasa.

Kodwa-ke, imibono eyisisekelo kakhulu ye-AI isukela emuva kumaGreki, ngaphambi kukaKristu . U-Aristotle (384-322 BC) wayengowokuqala ukuchaza isethi yemithetho echaza ingxenye yokusebenza kwengqondo ukuze kufinyelelwe eziphethweni ezinengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uCtesibius wase-Alexandria (250 BC) wakha umshini wokuqala ozilawulayo esebenzisa umlawuli wokugeleza kwamanzi.

I-manifesto ye-Artificial Intelligence nayo iqala emuva ngo-1936. Ngalowo nyaka, u-Alan Turing waqala ukucabanga "ngemishini engasebenza yodwa . "

Lokhu kwakungenxa yesihloko esithi “Izinombolo Ezibalwe ,” esasibalulekile ekusunguleni izisekelo zemfundiso ngakho-ke sibhekwa njengomsuka osemthethweni wesayensi yekhompyutha yemfundiso. Kulokhu kwavela umqondo “woMshini Wokuvivinya,” owasungula umqondo we-algorithm futhi waba yiphayona lamakhompyutha edijithali.

Umlando nokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngawo-1960 , uMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-United States wabonisa isithakazelo esikhulu kulo lonke umqondo we-Artificial Intelligence futhi, ngenxa yalokho, waqala ukuqeqesha amakhompyutha angalingisa ukucabanga okuyisisekelo komuntu . Lo msebenzi wavula indlela yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kanye nokucabanga okusemthethweni esikubona kumakhompyutha namuhla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngeminyaka yama-1990 kanye nasekuqaleni kwawo-2000 kwabona ukwanda kwe-AI ngezizathu ezimbili ezibalulekile . Esokuqala kwaba ukwanda kwamandla okubala amakhompyutha emakethe, kanti esesibili kwaba ukwenziwa kwedijithali okwakhiqiza inani elikhulu ledatha elalingacutshungulwa futhi lisetshenziswe ngokugcwele.

Kulokhu, kwenziwa utshalomali olungakaze lubonwe yizinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezidumile ngaleso sikhathi, ezazibona amandla amakhulu kukho. Banquma ukuthi ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziya kanye nama-algorithms kudatha, kwakungenzeka ukuthola izinsizakalo, imikhiqizo, kanye nokuqonda okumangalisayo okwakuzoletha inzuzo emphakathini kanye, vele, emabhizinisini.

Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kwaphawula ukuqala kokuvela okukhulu koBuhlakaniphi Bokwenziwa , ngaleso sikhathi okwakuyigama nje elaqanjwa eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Ngenxa yalokho, ubuchwepheshe obusha bathuthukiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-AI.

Lokhu kuthuthuka kwabonakala kakhulu esenzakalweni esibalulekile sango-1997, lapho ikhompyutha ye-IBM ethi "Deep Blue" inqoba uGarry Kasparov , iqhawe lomhlaba le-chess, emdlalweni. Lokhu kunqoba kwaqinisekisa ukuthi umshini wawudlule amakhono abantu futhi wasungula ubuhlakani bokwenziwa.

I-Futuro

Nakuba kwakukhona izithiyo ezimbili zokuqala, lezi sezinqotshiwe manje . Lezi zithiyo zazihlobene namandla okusebenzisa ikhompyutha kanye nedatha . Ngokuphathelene nedatha, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kuye kwavumela ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwayo, futhi ngenxa yalezi ntuthuko, akuseyona inkinga ngentuthuko ye-AI.

Ngokuphathelene nomthamo wokubala , leyo nkinga nayo yaxazululwa. Lokhu kufezwe ngenxa:

• Ukukhuliswa okuqondileKwavumela ukudalwa kwamakhompyutha anamandla kakhulu, kulandela uMthetho kaMoore, othi inani lama-transistors ku-microprocessor liphindeka kabili cishe njalo eminyakeni emibili.
• La escalabilidad enezingqimbaNgokwenza amakhompyutha amaningana abalwe ngekhompyutha eyodwa, ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunamandla njenge-Big Data.

Ngenxa yalokhu, inani elikhulu lamadivayisi asebenzisa i-AI selidalwe emhlabeni wonke, futhi kunethemba lokuthi lobu buchwepheshe buzokwakha ikusasa elizinzile . Nakuba intuthuko yabo izoqhubeka nokwahlukana, futhi ibhekwa njengesithembiso esikhulu esingasiza abantu ngabanye, amabhizinisi, kanye nemiphakathi ukuthi bahlangane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe bagomele ngokuthi i-AI izosheshisa kakhulu intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kuyo yonke imikhakha . Nakuba amakhompyutha namarobhothi asezingeni eliphezulu akwazi ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuphendula imibuzo, ukufunda, nokuxazulula izinkinga asevele edaliwe, eminyakeni embalwa lawa marobhothi azokwazi ukuklama imishini namarobhothi ngokushesha kunalawo akhiwa abantu njengamanje.

"Ubuhlakani Bokwenziwa" busebenza kanjani ukuzama ukucabanga nokwenza njengomuntu?

Empeleni, i-Artificial Intelligence (AI) ithuthukiswa ngama-algorithms ancike emakhonweni okufunda izibalo; ngakho-ke, angazama ukucabanga nokwenza njengomuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lobu buchwepheshe buxhomeke futhi kudatha edingekayo ukuqeqesha la ma-algorithms.

Ngokuvamile, le datha iyabonakala, itholakala emphakathini, noma ikhiqizwe yizinkampani ezithile. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwe-Artificial Intelligence kunqunyelwe yi -algorithms ephindaphinda le datha ukuze kufundwe kuyo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyadingeka futhi ukwazi izimiso eziyisisekelo i-AI esekelwe kuzo , ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi isebenza kanjani.

Nazi izisekelo ezine eziyinhloko zalo mqondo wezobuchwepheshe:

• Ubuhlakani Bokwenziwa "Obufanele"Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalolu buchwepheshe kuzodinga ukunikeza imiphumela efanele ngempelaOkusho ukuthi, azikwazi ukuba nemiphumela ebandlululayo maqondana nemvelaphi yobuzwe, uhlanga, inkolo, ukuthambekela kobulili, ubulili, ikhono noma esinye isimo somuntu siqu.
• "Kugxile kubantu"Kumelwe kube usizo emphakathini futhi ngaleyo ndlela kudale izinzuzo ezibonakalayo kubantu, kucatshangelwa ukuthi amalungelo abo awakwazi ukwephulwa yi-AI.
• “Kusobala futhi kuyachazeka”Esinye isici esibalulekile mayelana nokusebenza kwalolu lwazi ukuthi abasebenzisi bayazi ukuthi basebenzisana nohlelo lwe-AI, kanye nokuthi idatha yabo izosetshenziswa ini nokuthi ngayiphi injongo.
• "Ubumfihlo kanye nokuphepha ngokwedizayini"Kubalulekile ukuthi ingalondoloza ukuphepha kwedatha yomuntu siqu, engaziwa, kanye nehlanganisiwe.

Ngokusekelwe kukho konke lokhu, izinhlelo ze-Artificial Intelligence zizama ukucabanga nokwenza njengabantu. Kodwa-ke, abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bungaba nokuqonda njengabantu , futhi lokhu kuyindaba yokudideka okukhulu.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi, kuze kube manje, i-AI ayikwazi ukuba nokuqonda kwangempela , njengoba kungenakwenzeka ukufaka izici zengqondo ku-"Artificial Intelligence," yize kunethemba lokuthi ingazenza zifane. Ngakho-ke, yize umshini ungenakho ukuqonda, ungakhohlisa abantu bakholelwe ukuthi unakho.

Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kubantu?

Njengoba kunikezwe konke okungenhla, ungase uzibuze ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi koBuhlakaniphi Bokwenziwa kubantu namuhla. Ngakho-ke, ukuze sifunde kabanzi ngalomqondo, sifuna ukwethula izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi okuyinhloko okuboniswe yi-AI kuyo yonke intuthuko yayo :

Izinzuzo nezinzuzo

Okokuqala, sichaza izinzuzo noma izinzuzo ezithakazelisa kakhulu ezinikezwa yi-"Artificial Intelligence" ukuze kusekelwe intuthuko yomphakathi:

• Nciphisa amathuba okwenza iphuthaCishe ngokuphelele, i-AI yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqeda amathuba okuba nephutha, njengoba ivumela ukunemba okukhulu lapho kubalwa futhi kuqhathaniswe inani elikhulu lezinto eziguquguqukayo kanye nedatha.
• Kwenza kube lula ukuphila kwabantu kwansuku zonkeNgokuqonda nokubikezela izidingo zabo, izintshisekelo zabo, noma izinto abazithandayo. Singakubona lokhu ezibikezelweni zama-smartphone esiwasebenzisayo njengamanje, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomsizi wedijithali.
• Ikhono lokwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo edinga izinsiza eziningi nesikhathi esiningiNgenxa yalokhu, iyakwazi ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle ezinqubweni eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuntuleka kwemizwa, kungenzeka ukucubungula nokwenza izinqumo ngendlela enengqondo ngokuphelele.
• Imishini esebenzisa i-AI izokwazi ukufaka abantu esikhundleni ezindaweni zokusebenza ezikhandlayo nezicophelelayo.: Ngokusekelwe kuleli khono, abantu bazokwazi ukugxila emisebenzini edinga umthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu.
• Inikeza intuthuko kwezokwelaphaNgokuthuthuka kwayo kwama-algorithms ahlakaniphile, lobu buchwepheshe buhlinzeka ngethuba lokuhlola nokuxilonga iziguli, ukulingisa ukuhlinzwa kanye nemisebenzi yobuchopho, kanye nokusebenzisa ukuhlinzwa ngemisebe ezimweni ezinobungozi obukhulu lapho ukunemba kubalulekile khona.
• Ingabela abantu imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi neyingoziImishini enobuhlakani bokwenziwa ingaba usizo kakhulu ekunqobeni ukulinganiselwa kwabantu. Yenza kube lula imisebenzi efana nokuhlola isikhala kanye nokumba.
• Ukuphathwa okuhle, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kanye nokugcinwa kwamarekhodi ezindaweni ezibucayi njengemisebenzi yezezimaliInekhono lokubona ukukhwabanisa kanye nokungahambi kahle, kanye nokuhlela imali ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Yingakho iziqu ze-Master's in Artificial Intelligence zingenye yamakhono afunwa kakhulu kochwepheshe kulo mkhakha namuhla.
• Azidingi ikhefu noma izikhathi zokuphumulaImishini ethuthukiswe nge-AI ayidingi ikhefu noma ukudla okuphuzwayo njalo, njengoba ihlelwe ukuthi isebenze ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, isithukuthezi, noma ukukhathala; ngakho-ke, ingasebenza amahora amaningi ngaphandle kwenkinga. Lokhu kusheshisa ukukhiqiza ezinqubweni eziningi ezizuzisa abantu.

Ukungalungi kanye nezingozi

Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo ze-Artificial Intelligence nazo zinemiphumela ethile emibi kubantu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucacisa ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga nezingozi ze-AI ezivezwayo.

Ngezansi, sethula izinkinga zayo eziphawuleka kakhulu :

• Izindleko eziphezuluAkungabazeki ukuthi i-Artificial Intelligence idinga izindleko ezinkulu ngempela, uma ubheka ukuthi le mishini iyimishini eyinkimbinkimbi kangaka, ngakho-ke ukulungiswa kwayo kuyabiza kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle okukhulu, izinqubo zokubuyisa ikhodi elahlekile nokufaka kabusha lonke uhlelo zingadinga imali eningi kakhulu, kanye nesikhathi.
• Kungathinta ukungasebenzi kwabantu abaningi emhlabeniUbuhlakani bokwenziwa busho ukuthi kuzothathelwa indawo umsebenzi wabantu ngemishini, futhi lokhu kuzoholela ekusweleni kwemisebenzi okusabalele. Lena inkinga ekhathazayo ngempela futhi ingathinta nezinkambu ezifana ne-Industry 4.0.
• Ukuntuleka kokusebenza kahle ekushintsheni izimpendulo kuye ngezimo eziguquguqukayoNgeshwa, imishini ye-AI ayisebenzi kahle njengabantu uma kukhulunywa ngokucabanga kabusha ngezimpendulo. Njengoba ukuziphatha kwabo nokufunda kwabo kusekelwe kuphela kudatha yekhompyutha, izimpendulo zabo zingase zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zomhlaba wangempela.
• Akukho ubuciko bokuqalaUma ulindele ubuhlakani noma umcabango ku-Artificial Intelligence, uzodumala. Lawa akuzona izinto eziqinile zalezi zinhlelo, ngakho-ke azikwazi ukuncintisana namandla okucabanga obuchopho bomuntu noma ubuqambi bengqondo yokudala.
• Akukho ukuthuthuka ngolwazi.Akunakwenzeka ukuthi i-AI ithuthuke ngolwazi, ngokungafani nabantu. Lezi zinhlelo zigcina idatha eningi, engase yonakale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, indlela le datha efinyelelwa futhi isetshenziswe ngayo ihluke kakhulu ekuhlakanipheni komuntu.
• Umthwalo wabo wemfanelo usemahlombe abantuNaphezu kwawo wonke amakhono aboniswa yi-Artificial Intelligence, ukwakheka kwayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kungumthwalo wemfanelo wabantu ngokuphelele. Ngamanye amazwi, izinzuzo noma izingozi zayo kuzoncika endleleni abathuthukisi abakhetha ukuyisebenzisa ngayo.

Ukuhlukaniswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa: Zingaki ezikhona futhi ziyini izici zazo?

Ngokusho kukaStuart J. Russell noPeter Norvig , ababhali bencwadi ethi "Modern Approach," incwadi yaseyunivesithi ekhuluma ngobuhlakani bokwenziwa, kunezinhlobo ezine zalobu buchwepheshe. Lezi zisekelwe ezinhlelweni ezakhiwe ngokwesici esisodwa, esiyingqayizivele.

Nazi izici zayo eziyinhloko:

Izinhlelo ezicabanga ngokunengqondo

Zisekelwe ezinhlelweni ezizama ukulingisa uhlelo olunengqondo nolunengqondo lwabantu. Ngale ndlela, zizama ukwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe ku-logic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zihlobene nokwenza imisebenzi ehlobene nokufunda nokuxazulula izinkinga ngokuzenzakalela. Njengamanje, zaziwa ngokuthi "izinhlelo zochwepheshe . "

Izinhlelo ezisebenza ngokunengqondo

Umqondo wayo oyinhloko ukulingisa ukuziphatha kwabantu futhi isekelwe ezinhlelweni ezicabanga ngokuhluzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlotshaniswa nokuziphatha okuhlakaniphile nezinto zobuciko, kodwa kulokhu, ithatha isinyathelo.

Izinhlelo ezicabanga njengabantu

Ngokungafani nohlobo lokuqala lwesistimu ekuhlukanisweni, umsebenzi oyinhloko walo ukumela ingqondo yomuntu ngokujwayelekile , kodwa emishinini. Ngale ndlela, bayakwazi ukulingisa izici ezivamile kubantu, njengokuxazulula izinkinga, ukufunda, ukwenza izinqumo, kanye nokuthola ulwazi.

Izinhlelo ezisebenza njengabantu

Njengoba igama layo lisho, lolu hlelo lunekhono lokwenza njengabantu futhi lugxile ekulingiseni ukuziphatha kwabo . Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umgomo walo oyinhloko ukudala imishini ekwazi ukwenza imisebenzi abantu abavame ukuyenza. Amarobhothi ayisibonelo esihle salezo zinhlelo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amagatsha e-Artificial Intelligence (AI) nawo ahlukaniswa njengolunye uhlobo lwalobu buchwepheshe obubanzi.

Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ze-AI yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Imishini esebenzayoUmshini noma irobhothi lalolu hlobo liqukethe uhlelo olungaboni umhlaba ngale kwezinto. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lusekelwe kumarobhothi agxile kuphela ekwenzeni imisebenzi ethile ethile. Ngakho-ke, ukuziphatha kwawo kuyafana njalo. Isibonelo: i “Deep Blue” yadalwa yi-IBM.
• Imishini enememori elinganiselweNjengoba igama labo lisho, lezi yimishini enenkumbulo elinganiselwe ngakho-ke ayinawo umtapo wolwazi wokufunda. Izibonelo zemishini enjalo zifaka... izimoto ezihlakaniphile ezingaqapha kuphela imisebenzi efana nesivinini kanye nesiqondiso esikhathini esithile.
• Imishini enombono wengqondoLawa amadivayisi asekelwe ku- "Umbono Wengqondo"Leli khono liqukethe ukuhlukanisa nokuqonda izimo zengqondo zezinye izinto. Ngamanye amazwi, yilokho okuhlukanisa amarobhothi nemishini ehlakaniphile ekhona namuhla. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi nawo anemizwa yokwenziwa.
• Imishini enokuzaziZisekelwe emgomweni ocacile, okuwukuthi irobhothi Ngikwazile ukuthola ummeli wokuthi ungubaniUkuze, njengabantu, umshini ukwazi ukubona imizwa eminingi. Kodwa-ke, sisekude kakhulu ekudaleni ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obunokwazi kwawo.

Yiziphi zonke izindlela zokusebenzisa kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinganikezwa i-AI emkhakheni ngamunye?

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ezifanele kakhulu zokusebenzisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-"Artificial Intelligence" emkhakheni ngamunye namuhla.

Yingakho, kulesi sigaba salesi sihloko, sizokhawulela lezi zici :

• kwezobunjiniyelaKwenza kube lula ukuklama, ukulawula, kanye nokuhlaziya.
• KwezemfundoInikeza ukuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo, ukuhlolwa, kanye nokuxilongwa okufanele.
• Kwezokwelapha: Ngenxa yokunemba kwayo kanye nekhono layo lokuhlola nokuxilonga iziguli, ukulingisa ukuhlinzwa kanye nemisebenzi yobuchopho, kanye nokusebenzisa ukuhlinzwa ngemisebe.
• Endaweni yeSoftware: Kusukela ekufundiseni, ekuchazeni, ekuklameni, ekuqinisekiseni nasekulungiseni.
• Kwezezimali: Isekela ukuhlela, ukuhlaziya kanye nokubonisana.
• EkukhangiseniNgokusebenzisa izinqubo ezenzakalelayo, ukumaketha okuqhutshwa idatha, ukusebenzisana komuntu siqu, ukukhangisa okuhleliwe, kanye nokudalwa kokuqukethwe.
• Ku-CartographyIvumela ukuchazwa kwezithombe, ukwakheka kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga ze-cartographic.
• Ekwenzeni IzintoNgokuklama, ukuhlela, ukuhlela, ukulawula, ukuqapha, ukuphathwa kwamaphrojekthi, umbono wekhompyutha, kanye ne-robotics elula.
• Ezinhlelweni ZezikhaliNgempi ye-elekthronikhi, ukulawula okuguquguqukayo, ukucutshungulwa kwesithombe, ukucutshungulwa kwesignali, ukuhlonza okuqondiwe, njll.
• Ekuphatheni nasekuLawuleniInikeza ukuhlaziya okuhlakaniphile kanye nokubeka imigomo.
• Ekucubungulweni KwedathaIphinde ikhuthaze imfundo, ukufinyelela idatha ngobuhlakani, ukuxhumana kolimi lwemvelo, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha ngobuhlakani, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha isizindalwazi.

Umugqa wesikhathi wezenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wobuhlakani bokwenziwa

Okokugcina, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni we-Artificial Intelligence (AI) kuze kube manje.

Ngakho-ke, sizozibhala ngezansi, ngokulandelana kwazo :

1969 - Shakey the Robot

Kwakuyirobhothi lokuqala elihambayo elisetshenziswa kabanzi, elikwazi ukwenza izinqumo ngezenzo zalo ngesikhathi esifanayo licabanga ngendawo yalo. Lokhu kuthuthuka kwenzeka ngoba, ngaleso sikhathi, uBuhlakaniphi Bokwenziwa babusele emuva kakhulu ezibikezelweni ezibanzi ezenziwa ngabasekeli balo.

1973 - Ubuhlakani Bokwenziwa bubhekane "nokuqandisa".

Ekuqaleni kwawo-70, i-Artificial Intelligence yabhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu. Abaningi babetshale imali kuyo, kodwa akukho okuningi okwakubonakala kuyo. Lokhu kwaholela ekugxekweni okukhulu yi-United States Congress.

1983 - Umholi wokuqala wenzuzo yezentengiselwano evela ku-Artificial Intelligence uyahlonzwa.

Umsunguli we-Digital Equipment Corporation uKen Olsen wayengomunye wabaholi bebhizinisi bokuqala ukuqaphela inani elikhulu lezinzuzo zezentengiselwano ezingalethwa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-AI.

1996 - Ukukhishwa kwe-Deep Blue

Ukudalwa kwe- Deep Blue kwakungenye yezinto ezinkulu kakhulu ezifezwe ku-Artificial Intelligence ngaphambi kwekhulu lama-21. Kwakuyintuthuko ye-IBM eyaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Deep Blue supercomputer, umshini okwazi ukubala ngokushesha kunanoma yimuphi umuntu.

Ngalesi sakhiwo, iqhawe lomhlaba le-chess uGarry Kasparov wathola imbangi enamandla. Ngomhlaka -10 kuNhlolanja walo nyaka, lo mshini wawina umdlalo we-chess bedlala noKasparov, owaphoqeleka ukuba asule esikhundleni ngenxa yekhono lawo elimangalisayo.

2002 - Irobhothi lokuqala lasekhaya lembulwa

Ngokuqondile, ngoJulayi 15, 2002, iRoomba yasungulwa, yathuthukiswa yi-iRobot, inkampani esungulwe nguRodney Brook. Le divayisi yayiyirobhothi lokuqala lasekhaya eliphumelele kwezentengiselwano. Ngokuqondile, yayiyi-vacuum cleaner ezimele.

2015 – Impumelelo enkulu ye-AlphaGo yenzekile

Ngokukhethekile, ngoMashi 15, 2015, i-AlphaGo yaba umshini wokuqala we-Go ukunqoba umdlali ochwepheshe kulo mdlalo webhodi lecebo labantu ababili ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amatshe okukhubazeka ebhodini le-19x19. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lo mshini wawuyi-AI eyathuthukiswa yi-Google futhi wabhekana nomdlali waseShayina uFan Hui 2p.

2016 - Ubuchwepheshe be-iMind buyavela

Ekuqaleni kuka-2016, i-iMind yethulwa njengobuchopho bokwenziwa obungenalo ulwazi oluvumela umshini ukuthi ufunde ngokusebenzisana. Ngenxa yalokhu, iyakwazi ukucubungula ulimi nokuhumusha lokho umuntu akushoyo, futhi ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ingasebenza njengalokhu:

• Umsizi wokuthengisa.
• Uhlelo lwenkonzo yangaphakathi yenkampani.
• Indawo esikhundleni sesikhungo socingo.

Ngesikhashana nje, iVodafone neBanco Santander abazange banqikaze ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi.

2017 – UJarvis, umphathi wendlu kaMark Zuckerberg, uyazalwa

Umdali we-Facebook uMark Zuckerberg usevele unomuntu ophethe indlu, futhi akuyena nje umuntu; irobhothi elingadlala umculo, lidlale nomndeni, likhanyise izibani, futhi libone izivakashi ukuze livule noma lingavuli umnyango wangaphambili.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uZuckerberg wakhetha izwi likaMorgan Freeman ukuze adlale umsizi wakhe, osebenza ngendlela efanayo nomsizi ka-Iron Man. Akungabazeki ukuthi kube ngenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ezenziwe nge-AI kuze kube manje.