Ungayisetha kanjani iseva ye-DHCP kukhompyutha yakho ye-Windows 10, i-macOS, ne-Linux? Umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Iseva ye-DHCP iyiphrothokholi yenethiwekhi lapho iklayenti neseva bexhumana khona. Inikeza idivayisi yeklayenti ikheli le-IP kanye nezinye izilungiselelo zokucushwa kwenethiwekhi, okwenza ikwazi ukuxhumana namanye amanethiwekhi. Isebenza njengohlobo "lobunikazi" oluhlukanisa inethiwekhi eyodwa kwenye, njengoba amapharamitha okucushwa ngalinye angatholakala. Le seva inika amakheli e-IP njengoba etholakala, ukuze yazi ukuthi angobani, ukuthi asetshenziswe isikhathi esingakanani, nokuthi ubani ozowabela ngokulandelayo.

Inhloso eyinhloko yeseva ye-DHCP ukulungiselela nokuphatha inethiwekhi ngokuphephile , ukuvimbela amakheli e-IP ukuthi angaphindiwe ngokuwabela ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuchazwe ngaphambilini. Uma sibhala kabi ikheli lethu le-IP ngephutha, lizonikezwa elinye iklayenti, okubangela inkinga yobunikazi futhi kunciphise ukufinyelela kwethu kunethiwekhi kuze kube yilapho ingxabano isixazululiwe.

Kodwa uma kungenjalo futhi inkinga yokuxhumeka iqhubeka, kungase kube ngenxa yokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwelayisensi yeseva. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinkinga zingaxazululwa kalula ngokuhlela iseva yakho kahle. Yingakho kulesi sifundo sizokukhombisa ukuthi ungayihlela kanjani kalula iseva ye-DHCP kukhompyutha yakho isinyathelo ngesinyathelo .

Iyini iseva ye-DHCP, futhi yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kokusebenzisa nokuyivumela kukhompyutha yakho?

I-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) iyiphrothokholi eyenzelwe ukucushwa kahle kwamakheli e-IP kudivayisi ngayinye exhuma kwi-inthanethi . Lokhu kucushwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungenziwa ngesandla.

Njengoba sesishilo kakade, enye yezinzuzo zayo ukuxhumanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ikheli lethu le-IP nabanye ku-inthanethi , ngaleyo ndlela kuvumele ukungena nokuphuma kwedatha edingekayo ukuze kufinyelelwe ulwazi kunethiwekhi, okungukuthi, kusisindisa isikhathi sokuvuma amanethiwekhi esixhumanisa nawo ngaleso sikhathi.

Kodwa-ke, inkinga eyodwa ihlobene ngqo nokuphepha kwethu, njengoba noma ubani angafinyelela i-DHCP hosting yethu futhi athole ikheli lethu le-IP ukuze afinyelele idatha yethu. Naphezu kwale nkinga, ikhambi ukuqala kabusha iseva ukuze noma ubani okutholile nge-IP yakho alahlekelwe umkhondo wakho, njengoba uzonikezwa ikheli le-IP elihlukile.

Lokhu kusenza sizibuze ukuthi : Ingabe kuphephile ukugcina iseva ye-DHCP ivuliwe kukhompyutha yami? Uma sibheka ukuthi amathuba okubeka engcupheni ukuphepha kwethu ku-inthanethi makhulu kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqwashisa kwabasebenzisi ngesidingo sokuzivikela kuyakhula.

Akungabazeki ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lweseva endaweni evaliwe lapho sihlala siqapha khona amanethiwekhi esixhuma kuwo kuyasiza kakhulu. Lokhu kusingathwa okuzenzakalelayo kungasetshenziswa, kodwa ngokunciphisa ububanzi bamanye amakheli e-IP. Esinye isisombululo ukusisebenzisa kwimodi yesandla ukuze sizilungiselele thina.

Uma sikhuluma ngokuhlela ngesandla amaseva ethu e-DHCP, kumele sicabangele amanye amagama ukuze siqonde izinyathelo okumele zithathwe, njenge:

• Ububanzi beseva ye-DHCP: Yiqembu lokuphatha lamakhompyutha noma amaklayenti kunethiwekhi yesibili esebenzisa isevisi ye-DHCP.
• Ububanzi beseva ye-DHCP: Iqukethe iqembu lamakheli e-IP axhuma endaweni enqunyelwe futhi anikezwa yiseva, isibonelo kusukela ku-192.168.0.1 kuya ku-192.168.0.254.
• Imvume noma ukuqasha ngekheli: Lesi yisikhathi lapho amaseva e-DHCP evumela ukusetshenziswa kwekheli le-IP kukhompyutha.
• Ukubhukha ikheli le-IP: Kuyindaba yokunikeza amakheli e-IP afanayo kumakhasimende athile afisa ukugcina ulwazi lwawo; kufana nokugcina ikheli le-IP elingaguquki kodwa ngendlela ezenzakalelayo evela kuseva ye-DHCP njengoba lapho izivumelwano zokuqashisa sezigcwalisekile futhi iseva ivuselelwa futhi ikheli le-IP liyashintshwa.

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, amaseva e-DHCP asebenza ngendlela ezenzakalelayo, kodwa njengoba imodi yokucushwa ngesandla iyisisombululo sokuvimbela noma yikuphi ukwebiwa kolwazi okungenzeka, iyisihlobo sethu.

Ngezansi sichaza isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuthi singaluthuthukisa kanjani futhi silulungiselele kanjani lolu hlelo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezahlukene.

Izinyathelo zokusetha iseva ye-DHCP ku-Windows 10, MacOS, kanye ne-Linux

Manje njengoba la magama esecacisiwe, sizoqala ukuchaza izindlela zokumisa iseva ye-DHCP kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza olusetshenzisiwe:

Ku-router ye-Cisco ku-Packet Tracer

Ukulungisa konke kusuka ku-router kuwumsebenzi onzima futhi odla isikhathi, yingakho i-Cisco ibeke lezi zinhlobo zokucushwa kwimodi ezenzakalelayo; noma kunjalo, abaphathi benethiwekhi bangashintsha izilungiselelo ngokuya ngokulandelayo :

• Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukufaka imodi yokucushwa komhlaba wonke; lapho uzolungiselela khona i-terminal.
• Kumodi yokucushwa komhlaba wonke, uzocelwa ukuthi wengeze igama kusizinda seseva ngemva kwefomula eklanywe ngaphambilini. isibonelo: I-IP+ i-dhcp+ ichibi+ i-LAB_CAPACITY.
• Ngemuva Kumelwe udale iqoqo lamakheli e-IP.
• Sikhetha ukucushwa kwe-IP ku-router bese sibhala phansi ububanzi obungafakiwe, isibonelo 10.248.20 kuya ku-201.10.248.30
• Kumelwe ukhawulele isikhathi esabelwe lelo kheli le-IP; lokhu kuchaza isikhathi esiphezulu esizoba naso i-node kunethiwekhi. Isibonelo, uma unikeza Amahora we-24 Uma isikhathi sesiphelile, ikheli elisha le-IP lizonikezwa.
• Isethi yamakheli ichaziwe.

• Uxhumano luhlolwa ngokusebenzisa umyalo wokubonisa. Ukubopha kwe-IP DHCP ukusibonisa amakheli e-IP anikezwe amaklayenti, ngoba izicelo zithunyelwe kusuka kuseva ye-DHCP. Kuzoboniswa kanje:

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, singayilungisa kalula le seva, enezinzuzo eziningi maqondana nokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi.

Ku-Windows 10

I-Windows inenketho eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kusofthiwe yayo yokumisa iseva yakho ye-DHCP, okwenza lo msebenzi ube lula. Ngezansi uhlu lwezinyathelo zokwenza lo msebenzi:

• Sikhetha iwindi le-«Kuyaqala ", bese siya ku-«Isetha " bese ukhetha inketho «Inethiwekhi ne-inthanethi, kamuva "Wi-Fi".
• Sabe sesimaka «Phatha amanethiwekhi aziwayo, bese sikhetha inethiwekhi esizoshintshela kuyo, uma sesiqedile sikhetha «Ama-propiedades".
• Uma sibona inketho yokwabela ikheli le-IP, sichofoza ku-«Hlela izilungiselelo ze-IP futhi samaka «Okuzenzakalelayo (i-DHCP)» noma «"Incwadi yesandla".

• Uma ukhetha «Okuzenzakalelayo (i-DHCP)»Ikheli le-IP kanye nezilungiselelo zekheli leseva ye-DNS zilungiselelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma inketho yethu iwukuthi «"Incwadi yesandla"Ungalungisa ikheli le-IP kanye nekheli leseva ye-DNS isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
• Ngemva kokumaka «Hlela izilungiselelo ze-IP, uma ukhetha «"Incwadi yesandla" kufanele uvule inketho  I-IPv4.

• Ukuze ucacise ikheli le-IP, «Ubude besiqalo se-subnet, futhi "Isango, sibhala ukucushwa kwekheli le-IP.
• Uma ucacisa ikheli leseva ye-DNS, iya ku-windows ethi «I-DNS ekhethwayo futhi "I-DNS ehlukileLapho sibhala khona amakheli amaseva e-DNS ayinhloko nawesibili.
• Ekupheleni kwenqubo (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenziwa ngesandla noma ngokuzenzakalelayo) sikhetha «Gcina".

Kuma-macOS

Kumakhompyutha e-Apple, lezi zinqubo zenziwa ngokuzenzakalela ngangokunokwenzeka ngakho umsebenzisi akudingeki achithe isikhathi esiningi ezenza ngesandla. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezithile okudingeka zivulwe ukuze zisebenze kahle, futhi sizozichaza ngezansi.

• Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukufinyelela iphaneli yezilungiselelo ze-router yakho. ngokufaka ikheli 192.168.1.1 kubha yokuzulazula yesiphequluli sakho esizenzakalelayo.
• Uma usufikile lapho, uzocelwa iziqinisekiso zokungena ngemvume, ezivame ukuba ngemuva kwe-router noma ebhokisini layo; yifune bese bafake.

Landa Ikhodi ye-QR

Uhlelo lokusebenza olungaziwa

Umthuthukisi: Unknown

Price: Mahhala

• Manje kufanele Faka isigaba se-DHCP sedivayisi bese ufaka amaseva e-Appleongakuthola ngokulanda uhlelo lokusebenza olungenhla.
• Ngemva kwalokhu, sizoya ku-«Izintandokazi Zenethiwekhi kusuka kukhompyutha bese sizibeka ku-«DHCP".

• Sizohlangana ne- inkinobho esidinga ukuyisebenzisa futhi yilokho kuphelaManje sizoba neseva esasifuna ifakiwe futhi ilungiselelwe.

Kwi-Linux

Ku-Linux, ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi ukucushwa, kumele siqale sifake iphakheji sisebenzisa i-root terminal bese siyifaka kanje:

Ukufakwa

• Sifaka iphakheji bese uma sesiqedile siya kufayela le-DHCP lapho isikhombimsebenzisi sitholakala khona: indlela i- / njll / okuzenzakalelayo / isc-dhcp-server.
• Lokhu kuzoshintshwa ngokufaka igama le-interface elinikezwe yisevisi ye-DHCP esikhundleni. Kulokhu, ngezizathu zokuphepha. Senza ikhophi yefayela lokucushwa kwe-DHCPukugwema amaphutha abangelwa ukushintsha izinto ngendlela engafanele.

Okulandelayo, sizovula ifayela lokucushwa ngesifundi sombhalo bese senza imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Sizoshintsha umugqa "Okugunyazayo",
• Sibheka ekugcineni kwefayela lokucushwa bese sichaza i-subnet:

• Sichaza ikheli le-IP kanye ne-subnet mask yenethiwekhi ethile.
• Sizolondoloza izinguquko bese siqala kabusha isevaUma kwenziwe iphutha, i-terminal izokhombisa umugqa wefayela ongalungile.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa

• Siya efayeleni /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases Lapho singabona wonke amakheli e-IP anikezwe futhi asasebenza yiseva.

Indlela ukubhukha okusebenza ngayo

• Isevisi ye-DHCP isenza sikwazi ukubhukha amakheli e-IP uma sinephrinta yenethiwekhi ngakho-ke akukhuthazwa ukuba nenethiwekhi enamandla.
• Siya kufayela lokucushwa kweseva ye-DHCP bese kuthi ku-: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.config sengeze imigqa elandelayo ekugcineni:
• Sizoqala kabusha iseva Ukuze izinguquko zisebenze, siya emshinini obonakalayo weklayenti bese sizama ukuwucindezela ukuze sibone ukuthi sinakho yini ukuxhumana, futhi yilokho kuphela, sesiqedile ukumisa ngesandla iseva yethu ye-DHCP.