Izinhlelo zokusebenza

Incazelo Yesistimu Yokusebenza

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zithuthuke kakhulu selokhu kwasungulwa amakhompyutha. Zilokhu zithuthuka ngenhloso yokwenza ikhompyutha kanye nemisebenzi yayo kube lula kubasebenzisi , ukuze noma ubani, kungakhathaliseki ubudala noma amakhono ekhompyutha, akwazi ukuzisebenzisa.

Iyini isistimu yokusebenza futhi isetshenziselwani?

Uhlelo lokusebenza luyisofthiwe eyisisekelo yekhompyutha . Akungabazeki ukuthi luyinto eyisisekelo ekuvumela ukuthi unikeze ikhompyutha imiyalo futhi ikwazi ukuyibona kahle. Uma ubheka ngale ndlela, kungashiwo ukuthi "ngumhumushi" noma "umlamuleli" phakathi komsebenzisi nehadiwe eyakha ikhompyutha yonke . Ngenxa yalokho, ungasebenzisa ingxenye ngayinye futhi ufinyelele wonke amathuluzi anikezwa yidivayisi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, yilokhu okukuvumela ukuthi ufake izinhlelo ezintsha kukhompyutha ukuze usebenzise imisebenzi ethile. Ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha ngaphandle kohlelo lokusebenza kuyinselele enkulu, njengoba kudinga ulwazi oluthuthukisiwe lobuchwepheshe olutholwe ngokuqeqeshwa kobungcweti. Nakuba kungenzeka, akuwona wonke umuntu onalolu lwazi, yingakho uhlelo lokusebenza ludingeka ukuze izinto zibe lula.

Uhlelo ngalunye lokusebenza lune-interface yalo lapho imisebenzi ngayinye yedivayisi, kungaba yiselula noma ideskithophu, ingalawulwa khona ngabanye. Ngandlela thile, futhi iyisikhungo somyalo lapho umsebenzisi angaxhumana khona ngqo nomshini.

Umlando kanye nokuvela kwezinhlelo zokusebenza

Ukuze uqonde umsuka kanye nokuvela kwezinhlelo zokusebenza , kufanele wazi ukuthi amakhompyutha okuqala adalwe ayengenalo lutho olufana nohlelo lokusebenza. Izinhlelo zafakwa kusukela ku-BIOS futhi zazinokulawula okuphelele ihadiwe ezaziyidinga ukuze zisebenze, okwazenza zahamba kancane futhi kwasho ukuthi zazingakwazi ukusebenzisa uhlelo olulodwa ngesikhathi. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi, amakhompyutha ayesetshenziswa kuphela ochwepheshe abanolwazi olwanele lobuchwepheshe ukuze bawasebenzise.

Umqondo wohlelo lokusebenza wadalwa yi -IBM ngo-1956 , eyathuthukisa isofthiwe eyayivumela uhlelo olulodwa ukuthi lusebenze ngemva kolunye luqediwe . Lokhu akuzange kushintshe izinto kakhulu futhi kwenza umsebenzi waba lula kancane kulabo ababesebenzisa amakhompyutha ngaleso sikhathi, ababengochwepheshe abafanayo nabesikhathi sonke. Kodwa-ke, kwakuyoba imbewu eyayizovumela umuthi omkhulu esiwaziyo namuhla ukuba ukhule.

Ngawo-60, imiqondo ethuthukile kakhulu efana nokwenza imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukucubungula okuningi, kanye nezinhlelo zesikhathi sangempela yaqala ukusetshenziswa. Ngalezi , kwazalwa i-UNIX , uhlelo lokusebenza lokuqala olwaluvumela ukulawulwa kwezinqubo ezingaphezu kweyodwa ngaphakathi kwekhompyutha futhi olwaluzoba yisisekelo lapho izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje esizaziyo namuhla zizothuthukiswa khona.

Ngokuzalwa kwe-UNIX kwafika ulimi lokuhlela lwe-C, olwathuthukiswa kuphela ukushintsha ikhodi yomthombo yalolo hlelo lwefayela. Lokhu kwavumela ukudalwa kwezinhlelo ezisebenziseka kalula, okwaholela emqondweni "wekhompyutha yomuntu siqu," njengoba manje umuntu ojwayelekile onamakhono athile ayisisekelo ekhompyutha angasebenzisa ikhompyutha.

Ngawo-80, kwavela izinguqulo zokuqala zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-macOS, i-Windows, ne -MS-DOS . Ngawo-90, i-Linux yayisivele ikhona, futhi ngalezi zinhlelo, amakhompyutha aba yinto evamile njengama-TV noma imisakazo . Amandla awo okucubungula ayexhomeke ku- microprocessor . Namuhla, izinhlelo ziyinkimbinkimbi kangangokuthi, zihlanganiswe ne-inthanethi, amadivayisi eselula kanye nedeskithophu aseba yinto ebalulekile empilweni yabantu.

Imisebenzi yesistimu yokusebenza

Imisebenzi yesistimu yokusebenza ingafingqwa ngegama elilodwa: ukuphathwa. Lokhu ngokungangabazeki yincazelo efaneleka kakhulu, njengoba empeleni ilawula izinsiza zekhompyutha. Phakathi kwemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza yile elandelayo.

Phatha izinsiza ze-CPU

Uhlelo lokusebenza luphatha futhi luphathe izinsiza ze-CPU njengesikhala sokugcina i-hard drive, i-RAM , i-ROM , ukusebenza kweprosesa , nezinye izingxenye. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo ngalunye lusebenzisa kuphela lokho olukudingayo ukuze lusebenze futhi luvimbela lonke uhlelo ukuthi lungaphazamisi.

Phatha izinqubo

Uhlelo ngalunye oluqalisayo luqhuba inqubo kukhompyutha yakho. Uhlelo lokusebenza luqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kusebenza kahle ngokusebenzisa izinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze kusebenze kahle . Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma inqubo ingasebenzi kahle, uhlelo lokusebenza lunesibopho sokuyiqeda ukuze iphutha lingathinti ukusebenza kwezinye izinqubo.

Phatha izimvume zenqubo

Izinqubo ezichazwe ngenhla zidinga ukucela izimvume ezithile, ezilawulwa yisistimu yokusebenza. Ngaphandle kwalo msebenzi, uhlelo ngalunye beluzosebenza ngokukhululeka ngaphandle kwemingcele, okuzobeka engcupheni ukuphazamiseka kwayo yonke isistimu , njengoba zingasebenzisa izinsiza eziningi kunokudingekile, okubangela isiphithiphithi esiphelele.

Phatha amafayela

Uhlelo lokusebenza lufana nomtapo wolwazi omkhulu ogcina wonke amafayela edijithali adingekayo ukuze ikhompyutha isebenze, kanye nayo yonke idatha oyigcinayo kuyo. Ngale ndlela, ungawafinyelela kalula noma nini lapho uwadinga.

Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza

Kusukela ekudalweni kohlelo lokusebenza lokuqala, kuye kwathuthukiswa izinhlobo ezahlukene, ezihluke kakhulu ekhonweni lazo lokwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ngokushesha nangokushesha. Ngezansi, sikumema ukuthi ufunde ngazo ngayinye yazo.

Ngokusho kokuphathwa kwemisebenzi

Enye indlela yokuhlukanisa izinhlelo zokusebenza iwukuba ngokwenani lemisebenzi ezingayenza. Ngale ndlela, sinezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: izinhlelo zokwenza umsebenzi owodwa , ezikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi owodwa ngesikhathi, kanye nezinhlelo zokwenza imisebenzi eminingi , ezingenza imisebenzi eminingana ngesikhathi esisodwa, eziningi zazo zisebenza ngemuva.

Ngokwenani labasebenzisi

Futhi ngalomqondo sinezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinhlelo zamafayela; i-single-user , evumela izinhlelo zomsebenzisi oyedwa kuphela ukuthi zisebenze ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanye ne-multi-user , engasebenzisa izinhlelo zabasebenzisi abaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ngokusho kokuphathwa kwezinsizakusebenza zabo

Ngalo mqondo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe , ezikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izinsiza zekhompyutha eyodwa ngesikhathi, kanye nezinhlelo ezisatshalaliswayo , ezikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izinsiza zamakhompyutha amaningana ngasikhathi sinye. Izinhlelo ezifana ne -UNIX noma i-MS-DOS zihlanganisiwe , kuyilapho i-Windows, i-Linux, noma i-macOS zisatshalaliswa ngoba ungaxhuma futhi usebenzise izinsiza zamakhompyutha amaningi ngasikhathi sinye.

Ngokwesikhathi sokuphendula

Okokugcina, singahlukanisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ngokwesikhathi sazo sokuphendula. Ngale ndlela, kunezinhlelo zesikhathi sangempela , eziphendula isenzo somsebenzisi ngamunye ngokushesha nje lapho idatha ingeniswa, kanye nezinhlelo ezingezona zesikhathi sangempela , ezingenalo leli khono futhi ezidinga isikhathi sokucubungula ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umyalo, njengoba kunjalo nge-UNIX kanye ne-MS-DOS.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisetshenziswa kakhulu

Umqondo wesistimu yokusebenza (OS) ususabalele kakhulu kangangokuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zazo zamadivayisi eselula kanye nawedeskithophu. Kodwa-ke, ezinye zivelele ngaphezu kwezinye.

I-MacOS

I-macOS yayingenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuqala zesimanje ezakhiwa. Inguqulo yayo yokuqala yayisekelwe kukhodi ye-UNIX, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuthile ukuze ikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi futhi isebenzise abasebenzisi abaningi. Njengamanje, izinguqulo zale OS ziphakathi kwezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni , ngesinye sezisekelo zabasebenzisi ezinkulu kakhulu kanye nesidingo esikhulu.

Windows

I-Windows cishe iyisistimu yokusebenza eyaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni futhi enabasebenzisi abaningi. Njengeyandulelayo, inguqulo yayo yokuqala yayisekelwe kukhodi ye-UNIX, yize uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, yayiyikhophi yentuthuko eyenziwe yi-macOS enguqulweni yayo ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, kwakuyiyona eyavumelana nezidingo zomsebenzisi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, yavumela ukuthi izibeke ngaphezu komncintiswano.

Android

I-Android njengamanje iyisistimu yokusebenza esetshenziswa kakhulu kumadivayisi eselula, okuyindlela yokulinganisa emakethe yeselula yomhlaba wonke. Yathengwa yi-Google futhi kusukela lapho yaqhubeka nokukhula, manje incintisana ngisho nezinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu ezifana ne-macOS ne-Windows.

iOS

I-iOS uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula olusetshenziswa kuma-iPhone e-Apple. Luthandwa kakhulu futhi lubonakala ngokugcizelela kwalo ulwazi lomsebenzisi, lunikeza amadivayisi alo izici ezihlukile okungekho olunye uhlelo lokusebenza oluncintisana nalo.

Linux

Okokugcina, kukhona i-Linux , uhlelo lokusebenza olungasetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba luwumthombo ovulekile futhi luyahleleka, okuvumela ukwenza ngokwezifiso okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele amakhono alo, kudingeka izinga elithile lamakhono ekhompyutha athuthukile . Ngaphezu kwalokho, lusebenze njengesisekelo sokudalwa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Lokhu yikho konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Sithemba ukuthi kuzokusiza kakhulu nokuthi ungasebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuze uqonde kangcono isifundo ngasinye esikudalele sona kulesi sigaba.