Ubuhlakani Bokwenziwa: Kuyini, kusebenza kanjani, futhi yiziphi intuthuko ezinkulu kuze kube manje?

Ngokukhula kwamakhompyutha, izinqubo zomsebenzi wezandla zincishisiwe kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, le mishini iye yasetshenziswa cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha, ngakho-ke, Abantu bathembele kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwayo.

Ngale ndlela, abantu abaningi bayazibuza "Ingabe umshini ungacabanga futhi wenze njengabantu?"Njengoba manje sonke sizungezwe ngokuphelele izinhlelo zamakhompyutha nemishini, lokhu, nakuba ngaphambili kwakuyindaba yesayensi kuphela, kuye kwaba ngokoqobo eminyakeni edlule. ukudala izinhlelo zokwenziwa ezikwazi ukucabanga nokwenza njengabantu.

Lokhu kwakungenzeka ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa obukhangayo (AI)esesivele sizinzile ezimpilweni zethu futhi, yize sisesesigabeni saso sokuqala, kulindeleke ukuthi sibe ngumlingiswa oyinhloko we uguquko olufana noludalwe yi-inthanethiNgale ndlela, sifuna ukukunikeza zonke izici zentshisekelo eziphathelene ne-AI.

Kuyini ubuhlakani bokwenziwa futhi yiziphi izimiso zabo?

Okokuqala, ake sibheke ukuthi iyini i-Artificial Intelligence. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukulingiswa kobuhlakani bomuntu ngemishini futhi kungachazwa ngokuthi inhlanganisela yama-algorithms aphakanyisiwe ngenhloso ye- dala amaqembu abonisa amakhono afanayo nawabantuLe nhlanganisela yama-algorithms imvamisa ihlanganisa ukufunda, ukucabanga, kanye nokuzilungisa.

Ngamanye amazwi, i-AI ivelele njengomkhakha onesibopho sokwenza lokhu. ukusungula izinhlelo ezinekhono lokufunda nokucabanga ngendlela efanayo nabantuNgale ndlela, bafunda kokuhlangenwe nakho, bathole indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, baqhathanise ulwazi, futhi benze imisebenzi enengqondo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile futhi ukwazi Iyini imvelaphi ye-AI edumile emhlabeni?, njenge umlando wayo kanye nokuvela kwayo ngisho nokuthi lokhu kulingisa kulindeleke ukuthi kube yini esikhathini esizayo. Ukuze, Ngezansi, sichaza konke okuphathelene nalokhu:

Origen

Ngo-1956, kwaqanjwa le nkulumo "Ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela" ngusosayensi wekhompyutha odumile waseMelika, John McCarthyLokhu, ngenkathi Ingqungquthela yaseDartmouth, njengoba kuyisenzakalo esibaluleke kakhulu ngoba lapho, ngokusemthethweni, lesi sifundo esithembisa okuningi ngekusasa sazalwa khona.

Nokho, Imibono eyisisekelo kakhulu ye-AI isukela kumaGreki, ngaphambi kukaKristuKulokho, I-Aristotle (384-322 BC) wayengumuntu wokuqala ukuchaza isethi yemithetho echaza ingxenye yokusebenza kwengqondo ukuze kufinyelelwe eziphethweni ezinengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, UCtesibius wase-Alexandria (250 BC) nguye owakha umshini wokuqala ozilawulayo ngesilawuli sokugeleza kwamanzi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-manifesto ye-Artificial Intelligence Futhi isukela emuva ngo-1936Kusukela, phakathi nalowo nyaka, U-Alan Turing waqala ukucabanga ngalokho "imishini ekwazi ukusebenza yodwa".

Lokhu, ngenxa yesihloko esibizwa ngokuthi "Izinombolo Ezingabalwa"Lo msebenzi waba usizo olukhulu ekusunguleni izisekelo zemfundiso ngakho-ke waba kubhekwa njengomsuka osemthethweni wesayensi yekhompyutha yemfundiso. Kulokhu kwavela umqondo we... "Umshini Wokuthambisa" okwasungula umqondo we-algorithm futhi kwaba yiphayona lamakhompyutha edijithali.

Umlando nokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngawo-1960UMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-United States ubonise isithakazelo esikhulu kulo lonke umqondo we-Artificial Intelligence futhi ngenxa yalokhu, waqala qeqesha amaqembu angalingisa ukucabanga komuntu okuyisisekeloNgakho-ke, kwakuwumsebenzi owavula indlela yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kanye nokucabanga okusemthethweni okubonakala kumakhompyutha namuhla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngawo-1990 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, i-AI yanda nge- izizathu ezimbili ezibalulekileOkokuqala kuhlobene ne- amandla ekhompyutha akhuphukile kwamakhompyutha asemakethe, kanti esinye isizathu sisekelwe ku- ukwenza kube yidijithali okwakhiqiza inani elikhulu ledatha elalingacutshungulwa ukuze kutholakale usizo kubo.

Kulokhu, kwenziwa utshalomali olungakaze lubonwe Lokhu kwaqalwa yizinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezidumile, ezazibona amathuba amakhulu kukho. Banqume ukuthi ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziya kanye nama-algorithms kudatha, kwakungenzeka ukuthola izinsizakalo, imikhiqizo, kanye nokuqonda okumangalisayo okuzoletha inzuzo emphakathini kanye, vele, emabhizinisini.

Ngaleyo mali, Lokhu kwaphawula ukuqala kokuvela okukhulu koBuhlakaniphi Bokwenziwa. ngaleso sikhathi, okwakuyigama nje elaqanjwa eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambili. Ngakho-ke, kwasungulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-AI.

Lokhu kuthuthuka kwabonakala kakhulu ngenxa yesenzakalo esikhulu sango-1997, lapho ikhompyutha ibiza “Deep Blue” I-IBM yayinekhono lokuwina umdlalo we-chess UGary Kasparov...iqhawe lomhlaba ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kwaqinisekisa ukuthi umshini wawudlule amakhono abantu, ngakho-ke, Ubuhlakani Bokwenziwa busungulwe ngokuqinisekile..

I-Futuro

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi, ekuqaleni kwayo, kwakukhona izithiyo ezimbili; Lokhu sekudluliwe kakade kuze kube namuhlaOkusekelwe ku- amandla nedatha yokubalaNgokuphathelene nedatha, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kuye kwavumela ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwayo, futhi ngenxa yalezi ntuthuko, akuseyona inkinga ngentuthuko ye-AI.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, maqondana amandla ekhompyutha, futhi kwaba ukuwohloka okwanqotshwa. Lokhu kufezwe ngenxa yalokhu:

• Ukukhuliswa okuqondileKwavumela ukudalwa kwamakhompyutha anamandla kakhulu, kulandela uMthetho kaMoore, othi inani lama-transistors ku-microprocessor liphindeka kabili cishe njalo eminyakeni emibili.
• La escalabilidad enezingqimbaNgokwenza amakhompyutha amaningana abalwe ngekhompyutha eyodwa, ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunamandla njenge-Big Data.

Ngenxa yalokhu, inani elikhulu lamadivayisi ane-Artificial Intelligence selidalwe emhlabeni wonke futhi Kuthenjwa ukuthi ikusasa elizinzile lizokwakhiwa phezu kwalobu buchwepheshe.Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi intuthuko yayo izoqhubeka nokwahlukana, ibhekwa njengesithembiso esikhulu esingasiza abantu, amabhizinisi, kanye nemiphakathi ukuba ihlangane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe baqinisekisile ukuthi izotholakala ukusheshisa okukhulu kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yazo zonke izinhlobongenxa ye-AI. Njengoba kunjalo, yize amakhompyutha anamakhono athuthukile namarobhothi akwazi ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuphendula imibuzo, ukufunda, nokuxazulula izinkinga asevele edaliwe, eminyakeni embalwa edlule lokhu bazokwazi ukuklama imishini namarobhothi asheshayo kunalezo ezidalwe ngabantu ngokwabo njengamanje.

"Ubuhlakani Bokwenziwa" busebenza kanjani ukuzama ukucabanga nokwenza njengomuntu?

Ngokuyisisekelo, i-Artificial Intelligence (AI) iyathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa ama-algorithms Lawa ma-algorithms anamakhono okufunda izibalo, avumela ukuthi azame ukucabanga nokwenza njengabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lobu buchwepheshe buncike kudatha edingekayo ukuqeqesha la ma-algorithms.

Le datha ngokuvamile iyabonakala, itholakala emphakathini, noma ikhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwezinkampani ezithile. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwe-Artificial Intelligence kunqunyelwe yilezi zici. ama-algorithms aphindaphinda lolu lwazi ukuze afunde kulo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile futhi ukwazi izimiso eziyisisekelo okusekelwe kuzo i-AI, ukuze siqonde kangcono ukuthi isebenza kanjani.

Nazi izisekelo ezine eziyinhloko zalo mqondo wezobuchwepheshe:

• Ubuhlakani Bokwenziwa "Obufanele"Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalolu buchwepheshe kuzodinga ukunikeza imiphumela efanele ngempelaOkusho ukuthi, azikwazi ukuba nemiphumela ebandlululayo maqondana nemvelaphi yobuzwe, uhlanga, inkolo, ukuthambekela kobulili, ubulili, ikhono noma esinye isimo somuntu siqu.
• "Kugxile kubantu"Kumelwe kube usizo emphakathini futhi ngaleyo ndlela kudale izinzuzo ezibonakalayo kubantu, kucatshangelwa ukuthi amalungelo abo awakwazi ukwephulwa yi-AI.
• “Kusobala futhi kuyachazeka”Esinye isici esibalulekile mayelana nokusebenza kwalolu lwazi ukuthi abasebenzisi bayazi ukuthi basebenzisana nohlelo lwe-AI, kanye nokuthi idatha yabo izosetshenziswa ini nokuthi ngayiphi injongo.
• "Ubumfihlo kanye nokuphepha ngokwedizayini"Kubalulekile ukuthi ingalondoloza ukuphepha kwedatha yomuntu siqu, engaziwa, kanye nehlanganisiwe.

Ngokusekelwe kukho konke lokhu, izinhlelo ze-Artificial Intelligence zizama ukucabanga nokwenza njengabantu. Kodwa-ke, abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bungaba nokuqonda njengabantu. Futhi lokhu kubangela ukudideka okukhulu..

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi, kuze kube manje, I-AI ayikwazi ukuthembela ekuqondeni okunjaloNjengoba kungenakwenzeka ukufaka izici zengqondo ku-"Artificial Intelligence," yize kunethemba lokuthi zingazilingisa, umshini, naphezu kokungazi lutho, ungakhohlisa abantu bakholelwe ukuthi uyakwenza.

Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kubantu?

Njengoba kunikezwe konke okungenhla, ungase uzibuze ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokubi koBuhlakaniphi Bokwenziwa kubantu namuhla. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalomqondo, sifuna ukukwethula ku... izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi okuyinhloko okuboniswe yi-AI ngentuthuko yayo:

Izinzuzo nezinzuzo

Okokuqala, sichaza imininingwane Izinzuzo noma izinzuzo ezithakazelisa kakhulu ezinikezwa yi-"Artificial Intelligence" ukuze kusekelwe intuthuko yomphakathi:

• Nciphisa amathuba okwenza iphuthaCishe ngokuphelele, i-AI yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqeda amathuba okuba nephutha, njengoba ivumela ukunemba okukhulu lapho kubalwa futhi kuqhathaniswe inani elikhulu lezinto eziguquguqukayo kanye nedatha.
• Kwenza kube lula ukuphila kwabantu kwansuku zonkeNgokuqonda nokubikezela izidingo zabo, izintshisekelo zabo, noma izinto abazithandayo. Singakubona lokhu ezibikezelweni zama-smartphone esiwasebenzisayo njengamanje, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomsizi wedijithali.
• Ikhono lokwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo edinga izinsiza eziningi nesikhathi esiningiNgenxa yalokhu, iyakwazi ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle ezinqubweni eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuntuleka kwemizwa, kungenzeka ukucubungula nokwenza izinqumo ngendlela enengqondo ngokuphelele.
• Imishini esebenzisa i-AI izokwazi ukufaka abantu esikhundleni ezindaweni zokusebenza ezikhandlayo nezicophelelayo.: Ngokusekelwe kuleli khono, abantu bazokwazi ukugxila emisebenzini edinga umthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu.
• Inikeza intuthuko kwezokwelaphaNgokuthuthuka kwayo kwama-algorithms ahlakaniphile, lobu buchwepheshe buhlinzeka ngethuba lokuhlola nokuxilonga iziguli, ukulingisa ukuhlinzwa kanye nemisebenzi yobuchopho, kanye nokusebenzisa ukuhlinzwa ngemisebe ezimweni ezinobungozi obukhulu lapho ukunemba kubalulekile khona.
• Ingabela abantu imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi neyingoziImishini enobuhlakani bokwenziwa ingaba usizo kakhulu ekunqobeni ukulinganiselwa kwabantu. Yenza kube lula imisebenzi efana nokuhlola isikhala kanye nokumba.
• Ukuphathwa okuhle, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kanye nokugcinwa kwamarekhodi ezindaweni ezibucayi njengemisebenzi yezezimaliInekhono lokubona ukukhwabanisa kanye nokungahambi kahle, kanye nokuhlela imali ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Yingakho iziqu ze-Master's in Artificial Intelligence zingenye yamakhono afunwa kakhulu kochwepheshe kulo mkhakha namuhla.
• Azidingi ikhefu noma izikhathi zokuphumulaImishini ethuthukiswe nge-AI ayidingi ikhefu noma ukudla okuphuzwayo njalo, njengoba ihlelwe ukuthi isebenze ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, isithukuthezi, noma ukukhathala; ngakho-ke, ingasebenza amahora amaningi ngaphandle kwenkinga. Lokhu kusheshisa ukukhiqiza ezinqubweni eziningi ezizuzisa abantu.

Ukungalungi kanye nezingozi

Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo ze-Artificial Intelligence nazo zinemiphumela ethile emibi kubantu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucacisa ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga nezingozi ze-AI ezivezwayo.

Ngezansi, sethula izinkinga zayo eziphawuleka kakhulu:

• Izindleko eziphezuluAkungabazeki ukuthi i-Artificial Intelligence idinga izindleko ezinkulu ngempela, uma ubheka ukuthi le mishini iyimishini eyinkimbinkimbi kangaka, ngakho-ke ukulungiswa kwayo kuyabiza kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle okukhulu, izinqubo zokubuyisa ikhodi elahlekile nokufaka kabusha lonke uhlelo zingadinga imali eningi kakhulu, kanye nesikhathi.
• Kungathinta ukungasebenzi kwabantu abaningi emhlabeniUbuhlakani bokwenziwa busho ukuthi kuzothathelwa indawo umsebenzi wabantu ngemishini, futhi lokhu kuzoholela ekusweleni kwemisebenzi okusabalele. Lena inkinga ekhathazayo ngempela futhi ingathinta nezinkambu ezifana ne-Industry 4.0.
• Ukuntuleka kokusebenza kahle ekushintsheni izimpendulo kuye ngezimo eziguquguqukayoNgeshwa, imishini ye-AI ayisebenzi kahle njengabantu uma kukhulunywa ngokucabanga kabusha ngezimpendulo. Njengoba ukuziphatha kwabo nokufunda kwabo kusekelwe kuphela kudatha yekhompyutha, izimpendulo zabo zingase zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zomhlaba wangempela.
• Akukho ubuciko bokuqalaUma ulindele ubuhlakani noma umcabango ku-Artificial Intelligence, uzodumala. Lawa akuzona izinto eziqinile zalezi zinhlelo, ngakho-ke azikwazi ukuncintisana namandla okucabanga obuchopho bomuntu noma ubuqambi bengqondo yokudala.
• Akukho ukuthuthuka ngolwazi.Akunakwenzeka ukuthi i-AI ithuthuke ngolwazi, ngokungafani nabantu. Lezi zinhlelo zigcina idatha eningi, engase yonakale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, indlela le datha efinyelelwa futhi isetshenziswe ngayo ihluke kakhulu ekuhlakanipheni komuntu.
• Umthwalo wabo wemfanelo usemahlombe abantuNaphezu kwawo wonke amakhono aboniswa yi-Artificial Intelligence, ukwakheka kwayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kungumthwalo wemfanelo wabantu ngokuphelele. Ngamanye amazwi, izinzuzo noma izingozi zayo kuzoncika endleleni abathuthukisi abakhetha ukuyisebenzisa ngayo.

Ukuhlukaniswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa: Zingaki ezikhona futhi ziyini izici zazo?

Ngokusho UStuart J. Russell noPeter Norvig, abadali be "Indlela Yesimanje" Lena incwadi yaseyunivesithi emayelana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa; kunezinhlobo ezine zalobu buchwepheshe. Lokhu kusekelwe ezinhlelweni ezithuthukiswa ngokwesici esiyingqayizivele.

Nazi izici zayo eziyinhloko:

Izinhlelo ezicabanga ngokunengqondo

Zisekelwe ezinhlelweni ezizama ukulingisa uhlelo olunengqondo nolunengqondo lwabantu. Ngale ndlela, zizama ukwenza izinqumo ngokusekelwe ku-logic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zihlobene nokwenza imisebenzi ehlobene nokufunda nokuxazulula izinkinga ngokuzenzakalela. Njengamanje, zaziwa ngokuthi "Izinhlelo zochwepheshe".

Izinhlelo ezisebenza ngokunengqondo

Umqondo wayo oyinhloko iqiniso lokuthi lingisa ukuziphatha kwabantu Futhi kusekelwe ezinhlelweni ezicabanga ngokuhluzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zihlobene nokuziphatha okuhlakaniphile nezinto zobuciko, kodwa kulokhu zithatha isinyathelo.

Izinhlelo ezicabanga njengabantu

Ngokungafani nohlobo lokuqala lwesistimu yokuhlela, lolu lunomsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukumela ingqondo yomuntu ngokujwayelekileKodwa emishinini. Ngale ndlela, bayakwazi ukulingisa izici zabantu, njengokuxazulula izinkinga, ukufunda, ukwenza izinqumo, kanye nokuthola ulwazi.

Izinhlelo ezisebenza njengabantu

Njengoba igama layo lisho, lolu hlelo lunamandla okuziphatha njengabantu futhi Ikhethekile ekulingiseni ukuziphatha kwaleziKuyaphawuleka ukuthi umgomo wayo oyinhloko ukudala imishini ekwazi ukwenza imisebenzi abantu abavame ukuyenza. Isibonelo esicacile salezi zinhlelo amarobhothi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okulandelayo nakho kuhlukile amagatsha e-Artificial Intelligence (AI) njengolunye uhlobo lwalobu buchwepheshe obubanzi.

Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ze-AI yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Imishini esebenzayoUmshini noma irobhothi lalolu hlobo liqukethe uhlelo olungaboni umhlaba ngale kwezinto. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lusekelwe kumarobhothi agxile kuphela ekwenzeni imisebenzi ethile ethile. Ngakho-ke, ukuziphatha kwawo kuyafana njalo. Isibonelo: i “Deep Blue” yadalwa yi-IBM.
• Imishini enememori elinganiselweNjengoba igama labo lisho, lezi yimishini enenkumbulo elinganiselwe ngakho-ke ayinawo umtapo wolwazi wokufunda. Izibonelo zemishini enjalo zifaka... izimoto ezihlakaniphile ezingaqapha kuphela imisebenzi efana nesivinini kanye nesiqondiso esikhathini esithile.
• Imishini enombono wengqondoLawa amadivayisi asekelwe ku- "Umbono Wengqondo"Leli khono liqukethe ukuhlukanisa nokuqonda izimo zengqondo zezinye izinto. Ngamanye amazwi, yilokho okuhlukanisa amarobhothi nemishini ehlakaniphile ekhona namuhla. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi nawo anemizwa yokwenziwa.
• Imishini enokuzaziZisekelwe emgomweni ocacile, okuwukuthi irobhothi Ngikwazile ukuthola ummeli wokuthi ungubaniUkuze, njengabantu, umshini ukwazi ukubona imizwa eminingi. Kodwa-ke, sisekude kakhulu ekudaleni ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obunokwazi kwawo.

Yiziphi zonke izindlela zokusebenzisa kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinganikezwa i-AI emkhakheni ngamunye?

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-"Artificial Intelligence". emkhakheni ngamunye, okwamanje.

Yingakho, Kulesi sigaba salesi sihloko, sizochaza lezi zici.:

• kwezobunjiniyelaKwenza kube lula ukuklama, ukulawula, kanye nokuhlaziya.
• KwezemfundoInikeza ukuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo, ukuhlolwa, kanye nokuxilongwa okufanele.
• Kwezokwelapha: Ngenxa yokunemba kwayo kanye nekhono layo lokuhlola nokuxilonga iziguli, ukulingisa ukuhlinzwa kanye nemisebenzi yobuchopho, kanye nokusebenzisa ukuhlinzwa ngemisebe.
• Endaweni yeSoftware: Kusukela ekufundiseni, ekuchazeni, ekuklameni, ekuqinisekiseni nasekulungiseni.
• Kwezezimali: Isekela ukuhlela, ukuhlaziya kanye nokubonisana.
• EkukhangiseniNgokusebenzisa izinqubo ezenzakalelayo, ukumaketha okuqhutshwa idatha, ukusebenzisana komuntu siqu, ukukhangisa okuhleliwe, kanye nokudalwa kokuqukethwe.
• Ku-CartographyIvumela ukuchazwa kwezithombe, ukwakheka kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga ze-cartographic.
• Ekwenzeni IzintoNgokuklama, ukuhlela, ukuhlela, ukulawula, ukuqapha, ukuphathwa kwamaphrojekthi, umbono wekhompyutha, kanye ne-robotics elula.
• Ezinhlelweni ZezikhaliNgempi ye-elekthronikhi, ukulawula okuguquguqukayo, ukucutshungulwa kwesithombe, ukucutshungulwa kwesignali, ukuhlonza okuqondiwe, njll.
• Ekuphatheni nasekuLawuleniInikeza ukuhlaziya okuhlakaniphile kanye nokubeka imigomo.
• Ekucubungulweni KwedathaIphinde ikhuthaze imfundo, ukufinyelela idatha ngobuhlakani, ukuxhumana kolimi lwemvelo, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha ngobuhlakani, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha isizindalwazi.

Umugqa wesikhathi wezenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wobuhlakani bokwenziwa

Okokugcina, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni we-Artificial Intelligence (AI) kuze kube manje.

Ukuze, Sizokubhala phansi lezi zinto, ngokulandelana kwazo.:

1969 - Shakey the Robot

Kwakuyirobhothi lokuqala elihambayo elisetshenziswa kabanzi, elinekhono lokwenza benze izinqumo ngezenzo zabo ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba yayicabanga ngendawo eyizungezile. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba, ngaleso sikhathi, uBuhlakaniphi Bokwenziwa babusemuva kakhulu kwezibikezelo ezibanzi ezenziwa ngabasekeli bayo.

1973 - Ubuhlakani Bokwenziwa bubhekane "nokuqandisa".

Ekuqaleni kwawo-70, i-Artificial Intelligence yabhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu. Abaningi babetshale imali kuyo, kodwa akukho okuncane okwakubonakala ngaleso sikhathi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, Ukugxekwa okunamandla kwavezwa yi-United States Congress.

1983 - Umholi wokuqala wenzuzo yezentengiselwano evela ku-Artificial Intelligence uyahlonzwa.

Umsunguli we-Digital Equipment Corporation, UKen OlsenWayengomunye wabaholi bebhizinisi bokuqala ukuqaphela inani elikhulu lezinzuzo zezentengiselwano ezingalethwa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-AI.

1996 - Ukukhishwa kwe-Deep Blue

Ukudalwa kwe Deep Blue Kwakungomunye wemicimbi emikhulu kakhulu ku-Artificial Intelligence ngaphambi kwekhulu lama-21. Nokho, kwakuyimpumelelo ye-IBM lapho bathuthukisa khona i-supercomputer Deep Blue; umshini onekhono lokubala ngokushesha kunanoma yimuphi umuntu.

Kusukela kulokho kudalwa, iqhawe lomhlaba le-chess, Gary KasparovUthole imbangi enkulu ezingeni lakhe. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi, 10 ngoFebhuwari Kulo nyaka, lo mshini ukwazile ukunqoba umdlalo we-chess bedlala noKasparov, okwadingeka azinikele ngenxa yekhono lawo elimangalisayo.

2002 - Irobhothi lokuqala lasekhaya lembulwa

Ngokuqondile, ngomhlaka-15 kuJulayi 2002, iRoomba yasungulwa, yathuthukiswa yi-iRobot, inkampani esungulwe nguRodney Brook. Le divayisi yayiyirobhothi lokuqala lasekhaya eliphumelele kwezentengiselwano. Ngokuqondile, Kwakuyi-vacuum cleaner ezimele.

2015 – Impumelelo enkulu ye-AlphaGo yenzekile

Ngokuqondile, ngoMashi 15, 2015, i-AlphaGo yaba Umshini wokuqala we-Go ukushaya umdlali ochwepheshe kulo mdlalo webhodi lecebo labantu ababilingaphandle kokusebenzisa amatshe okukhubazeka ebhodini le-19x19. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lo mshini wawuyi-AI eyathuthukiswa yinkampani edumile i-Google futhi wabhekana nomdlali waseShayina i-Fan Hui 2p.

2016 - Ubuchwepheshe be-iMind buyavela

Kusukela ngo-2016, iMind yamenyezelwa njenge... ubuchopho bokwenziwa obungenakho ukuqonda okuvumela umshini ukuthi ufunde njengoba uxhumana nawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, uyakwazi ukucubungula ulimi nokuhumusha lokho umuntu akushoyo, bese kusukela lapho, Ingasebenza njenge:

• Umsizi wokuthengisa.
• Uhlelo lwenkonzo yangaphakathi yenkampani.
• Indawo esikhundleni sesikhungo socingo.

Maduze, I-Vodafone ne-Banco Santander Abazange banqikaze ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi.

2017 – UJarvis, umphathi wendlu kaMark Zuckerberg, uyazalwa

Umsunguli we-Facebook uMark Zuckerberg usevele unomuntu osebenzela abanye abantu, futhi akuyena noma ubani nje,... irobhothi elibonisa ikhono lokudlala umculo, ukudlala nomndeni, ukukhanyisa izibani, nokuqaphela izivakashi ukuze uvule noma ungavuli umnyango wendlu.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uZuckerberg wakhetha izwi likaMorgan Freeman ukuze adlale umsizi wakhe, osebenza ngendlela efanayo nomsizi ka-Iron Man. Akungabazeki ukuthi kube ngenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ezenziwe nge-AI kuze kube manje.