Ngemva kwenkinga enkulu yezomnotho eyahlasela umnotho wamazwe amakhulu ngo-2008, umhlaba waqala ukufuna izindlela zokuzivikela kokunye ukuwa kwemakethe yomhlaba wonke. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka olandelayo wabona ukuthuthukiswa kobunye bobuchwepheshe obunethonya kakhulu kuleli khulu leminyaka kuze kube manje.
Mhlawumbe isici esikhumbuleka kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi yi -cryptocurrency , lezo zimali zedijithali ezithengiswa kakhulu namuhla, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ubuchwepheshe obuhambisana nazo: i-Blockchain . Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Chain of Blocks, lokhu kuyisisekelo sayo yonke i-cryptocurrency yesimanje yokuhweba.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nobuchwepheshe be-Blockchain kanye nezici zabo eziyinhloko, ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele le ndawo yedijithali lapho kusebenza khona ama-cryptocurrencies.
Iyini i-Blockchain futhi lobu buchwepheshe be-cryptographic busetshenziselwani?
Ubuchwepheshe be-Blockchain buyisizindalwazi esabiwe lapho ulwazi luqoqwa khona ngamabhulokhi abethelwe, axhunywe kumabhulokhi angaphambilini ohlelweni . Lokhu kuxhumanisa yikho okusinika igama elithi "uchungechunge," njengoba wonke amabhulokhi axhunyiwe, futhi ukuze ushintshe elinye lawo, kuyadingeka ukuguqula wonke amabhulokhi alandelayo, okwenza kungabi nakuguqulwa futhi kube sobala ngo-100%.
Lokhu futhi kuvumela ukuthi kwenziwe ukuthengiselana kuyo okuqinisekisiwe futhi okuqoshwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle kwesidingo senhlangano eqinisekisayo , okwenza kube ubuchwepheshe obuhlukaniswe ngokuphelele. Yingakho kuvumela ukudalwa, isibonelo, kwezinhlelo zomnotho womhlaba wonke ezingadingi ukubamba iqhaza kwamabhange noma izikhungo zikahulumeni, okunikeza abasebenzisi ukulawula uhlelo lonke.
Uyakuqonda ukubaluleka kwayo manje? Ngenxa yokuthi izinkinga ezinkulu zomnotho womhlaba wonke zibangelwa kakhulu ukuphathwa kabi kwezinhlelo yizinhlangano ezilawulayo, lobu buchwepheshe buyathuthukiswa ukuze sikwazi ukuzisusa zonke, kwakha inethiwekhi enkulu yokushintshana ye -P2P (peer-to-peer) , lapho konke kusekelwe ekwethembeni kwabasebenzisi ohlelweni ngokwalo.
Yiziphi izici zobuchwepheshe be-Blockchain?
Lobu buchwepheshe bungase bubonakale njengesizindalwazi esilula, kodwa empeleni bungaphezu kwalokho. Izici zalo ezihlukile azifani nanoma yini enye edalwe kuze kube manje, futhi yilezi zici ezizuze ukwethenjwa yizigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke, abatshala imali yabo kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene athembele kuwo.
Imvume
Ukuvumelana kwe-Blockchain kubhekisela eqinisweni lokuthi ukuguqula noma ukufaka i-blockchain (ukudala uchungechunge olusha) kudinga ukuvumelana okubanzi kwawo wonke ama-node (abasebenzisi) kunethiwekhi . Lokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu nganoma ubani ukuthatha izinyathelo zodwa ngokuzimela, njengoba bezodinga ukwesekwa kwamalungu angaphezu kwengxenye yochungechunge.
Lokhu kuvumelana akunakwenzeka ukukufeza, kodwa uma kufinyelelwa kukho, kuhloswe ngakho ukuguqula indlela yonke iketanga esebenza ngayo, hhayi ukulungisa noma ukususa ukuthengiselana okuthile. Lesi ngesinye sezisekelo eziyinhloko zokucaca okuhlukanisa le database.
Akunakuguqulwa
Lokhu kuhlobene nephuzu elidlule. Uma ukuthengiselana kuguqulwa, konke ukuthengiselana okulandelayo kuyashintshwa ngokuzenzakalelayo , ngakho wonke umuntu uzoqaphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela ye-cryptographic esetshenziswayo (i-hashing) yenza kube nzima kakhulu ukususa ukubethela ibhlogo lokuguqulwa.
Njengoba kuwumsebenzi onzima kangaka, odinga futhi ukuba namandla angaphezu kwawamanye amalungu (atholakala kuphela ngokuvumelana), kubhekwa njengokungenakwenzeka ukuguqula ibhulokhi yeketanga ngokwahlukana.
Kuhlukaniswe ngokwezindawo
Mhlawumbe isici esiphawuleka kakhulu salokhu ukuthi iyisizindalwazi esihlukaniswe ngokwezigaba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ayidingi ukugadwa (noma ukulawulwa) kunoma yimuphi uhulumeni noma isikhungo sezezimali njengamabhange . Lokhu kuvumela ukudalwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo ze-P2P, lapho abasebenzisi abangamalungu benokulawula okuphelele ukuziphatha kwabo.
Ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe
Ngokudala ibhlokhi elixhunywe ngokuzenzakalelayo kuzo zonke izibhlokhi ezidalwe kamuva, ukucaca okuyingqayizivele kufezwa, njengoba ukuguqula ibhlokhi elilodwa kuzoshintsha zonke ezinye. Lesi sici siphakamisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi kwelinye izinga . Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hashing esetshenziselwa ukubethela ukuthengiselana cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyikhipha.
Izinhlobo zama-blockchain: Zihlukaniswa kanjani futhi zisebenza kanjani?
Kusukela zasungulwa eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi edlule, ama-blockchain athuthuke kakhulu, ngakho-ke singawabona izinhlobo ezahlukene zawo, ngalinye linezici ezikhethekile eziwahlukanisa kwamanye:
Ngokusho kokufinyelela kwedatha
Indlela yokuqala yokuhlukanisa ama-blockchain iwukuba abasebenzisi bafinyelele kanjani idatha yabo. Ngale ndlela, izinhlobo ezimbili zingachazwa: ezomphakathi kanye nezangasese.
Ama-blockchain omphakathi yilawo lapho bonke abasebenzisi benethiwekhi bangabuyekeza, baqinisekise, futhi baqinisekise yonke into eyenziwe . Acacile, njengoba konke kutholakala emphakathini, futhi anamathela emithethweni yokuvumelana yokuguqulwa. Lolu uhlobo lwe-blockchain olusetshenziswa kwi-Bitcoin nakwezinye izimali ze-crypto.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-blockchain azimele ahlukile ngokuphelele futhi alahlekelwa ukucaca okuthile, njengoba idatha yokuthengiselana ifinyeleleka kuphela ezinhlanganweni ezithile ngaphakathi kwe-blockchain . Izici ezifana nokuvumelana azinakwa, njengoba "abaphathi" benenkululeko ephelele yokushintsha uchungechunge, okwenza luvame ukuba phakathi nendawo. Isibonelo salokhu yi-Petro, i-cryptocurrency yaseVenezuela esekelwa uwoyela futhi ibekwe phakathi nendawo nguhulumeni waseVenezuela.
Ngokusho kwezimvume
Amaketanga alandelayo aziwayo yilawo ancike ezimvumeni, futhi lawa angahlukaniswa njenge-blockchains engenamvume kanye ne-blockchains enemvume . Ahlobene kakhulu nokudalwa noma ukubethela kwama-block.
- Labo Abadingi imvume.Lawa amanethiwekhi lapho noma yiliphi ilungu le-chain lingasebenza njenge-node yokusebenzisa i-hashing ebhala ngemfihlo ukuthengiselana ngakunye. Ukuze kube lula lokhu, kudalwa amathokheni okukhuthaza, ukuze abasebenzisi abasiza ngalo msebenzi bawathole njengomvuzo wokubambisana kwabo.
- I-Las izintambo ezinezimvume Lezi yizo lapho amabhlogo ebethelwa khona yiqembu elikhethiwe labasebenzisi abanezimvume ezidingekayo zokwenza lo msebenzi. Kulezi zimo, ithokheni yesikhuthazo ayidingeki..
AmaHybrids
Amaketanga e-hybrid yilawo anezici zamamodeli womabili angaphambilini. Izibonelo zifaka amaketanga afana ne-Bitcoin Cash noma i-Ethereum Classic , abhekwa njengamaketanga omphakathi angenamvume, kanye namaketanga angasese angenamvume.
Ngokusho kwemodeli yokushintsha kwesimo
Ushintsho lwesimo lubhekisela endleleni ukuthengiselana okushintsha ngayo kusukela ekungeneni kwayo kuya esimweni sayo sokuphuma. Okuthandwa kakhulu yilokhu okubizwa ngokuthi amaketanga okusebenzisa imali ephumayo, lapho ukuthengiselana ngakunye kukhiqiza izindleko ezisetshenziselwa "ukuxhasa" ukuthengiselana okulandelayo okuzodalwa lapho kwenziwa ukuthengiselana esikhathini esizayo. Le modeli isetshenziswa, isibonelo, yiBitcoin.
Amaketanga aseceleni
Okokugcina, sine-sidechains, okuyizo ezisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthengiselana ku-blockchain ephakathi.
Ukushintshashintsha kwe-Blockchain: Amabhulokhi abethelwa kanjani ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi?
Amabhulokhi e-Blockchain abethelwe kusetshenziswa umsebenzi we-hash, onikeza inombolo ehlukile ye-hexadecimal kuthengiselwano ngalunye. Le nombolo ikhomba idatha yokufaka yentengiselwano ngayinye. Ezweni lokumba i-cryptocurrency, ibhulokhi elisha eliqukethe ukuthengiselana kumele lidalwe njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10, ngakho-ke "abavukuzi" bancintisana ukuthola i-hash efanele yentengiselwano ngayinye ukuze bayiqophe ku-blockchain.
I-Hashing ngumsebenzi omdala kune-blockchain uqobo; iyi-algorithm esetshenziswa kabanzi esikhathini esidlule, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulobu buchwepheshe yikho okuvumela ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ukuthi kuqinisekiswe, ngoba uma kufiswa ukuthi kuguqulwe ibhulokhi, inani le-hexadecimal kuzodingeka liphinde lichazwe, ngedatha yokufaka efana naleyo esetshenziswe okokuqala.
Ziyini izimali ze-crypto futhi zihlobene kanjani nobuchwepheshe be-Blockchain?
Ama-Cryptocurrencies ayimali nje esetshenziselwa ukushintshanisa noma ukuhweba ngezimpahla nezinsizakalo ku-blockchain. Besebenzisa amasu aqinile e-cryptographic , baqopha ngokusobala ukuthengiselana , kanye nenani lamayunithi e-cryptocurrency ngayinye.
Ngokusebenzisa i-cryptography kanye nesizindalwazi esicacile nesingenakuguqulwa njenge-blockchain, kufezwa uhlelo olusha lwezomnotho oluhlukaniswe ngokwezigaba, lapho inani lemali ngayinye linganqunywa yinoma yimuphi uhulumeni noma inhlangano yamabhange , kodwa ngokwethembana kanye nomthamo wemali ongena emakethe yawo.
Isici esikhethekile salezi zinhlamvu zemali ukuthi zilinganiselwe ekutholakaleni kwazo; ngaphandle kokuthi kube nokuvumelana, leli nani alikwazi ukwanda. Ngakho-ke, lapho abantu betshala imali kakhulu kuzo, kulapho bathola khona inani elikhulu, futhi okuphambene nalokho.
Yimaphi ama-cryptocurrencies asetshenziswa kakhulu?
Ngemva kokuba imakethe yokuqala yenkunzi yeBitcoin ivele ngo-2011, kwazalwa ama-cryptocurrencies amasha ahambisana nayo, ngaleyo ndlela kwakha lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi ama-altcoins, okwakuzoba ama-cryptocurrencies asetshenziswa kakhulu anenani eliphakeme kakhulu emakethe.
Lokhu kungaba okulandelayo :
- Bitcoin: I-cryptocurrency yokuqala, eyasungulwa ngo-2009 ngumsebenzisi ongaziwa ogama lakhe linguSatoshi Nakamoto, yafinyelela inani elifinyelela ku-$20.000 USD ngoJanuwari 2018.
- I-Litecoin: I-cryptocurrency yesibili endala kakhulu ngemva kwe-BTC. Iwuphawu lwephrojekthi yesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile enezici zobuchwepheshe ezifana neze-Bitcoin.
- Ethereum: Lezi yizimpawu zohlelo lokusebenza oluhlukaniswe ngokwezigaba, okuvumela ukudalwa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanayo ezisebenza ku-blockchain yomphakathi. Yimali yedijithali eyigugu kakhulu ngemva kwe-Bitcoin.
Iyini i-ICO?
I-ICO, noma i-Initial Coin Offering, imane nje iwukuthengiswa kwangaphambili kwamathokheni noma ama-cryptocurrencies ephrojekthi entsha ye-blockchain. Lokhu kumelela intengo ephansi kakhulu lapho lezi zimali zingatholakala khona emakethe ngaphambi kokuqaliswa kwazo ngokusemthethweni ; intengo izokhuphuka kamuva njengoba abatshalizimali abaningi bejoyina.
Ama-ICO ayindlela enhle yokudlula abanye abatshalizimali. Ngandlela thile, kufana nokuthenga amasheya enkampani, futhi uma inkampani isiphumelele, lawo masheya azokhuphuka kakhulu ngenani. I-ICO edumile kakhulu kungenzeka ukuthi yi-Bitcoin ngo-2009, lapho yaqala ngamasenti ambalwa nje kwathi eminyakeni eyisikhombisa kamuva yafinyelela intengo efika ku-$20.000 USD.
Yiziphi izindlela zobuchwepheshe be-blockchain ezithakazelisa kakhulu ngale kwe-cryptocurrencies?
Nakuba ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu kwalolu buchwepheshe kusezimalini zemali, lusebenziseka kalula futhi luwusizo kangangokuthi lungasetshenziswa nasemisebenzini efana nale elandelayo :
- I-R3 Consortium.
- Ukubhaliswa Kwempahla.
- Izinkokhelo zangempela.
- Ukwabelana ngezimoto.
- Isitoreji samafu.
- Ubuwena bedijithali.
- Umculo.
- Izinsizakalo Zomphakathi/zikaHulumeni.
- Ukuphepha komphakathi kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo.
- Ukuphathwa kobubhali.
Manje usuyazi konke ngalobu buchwepheshe obushintsha indlela esihwebelana ngayo futhi cishe buzoqhubeka nokushintsha izinto maduze nje, njengoba sisebenzise kancane u-20% wamandla alo angempela.
Amazwana avaliwe.