Uma sicabanga ngezinye izindlela zamahhala esikhundleni se-Windows, into yokuqala efika engqondweni yi-Linux. Kodwa-ke, kukhona umzala oseduze, mhlawumbe ongaziwa kakhulu emphakathini kodwa oyisisekelo sokubala, obizwa nge-BSD. Lokhu kusatshalaliswa kwe-BSD akuzona amakhophi alula; kunalokho, kumelela ifilosofi yentuthuko kanye nefa lobuchwepheshe eliqala ekuqaleni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zanamuhla.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kwenzekani lapha, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-BSD akuyona uhlelo olulodwa, kodwa umndeni wamaphrojekthi asekelwe kukhodi yokuqala ye-UNIX. Nakuba okwamanje banesabelo esincane kakhulu emakethe kumakhompyutha abo, indawo yabo inkulu kakhulu, njengoba ikhona cishe yonke indawo , kusukela kumaseva aphezulu kuya enkabeni yamanye amadivayisi athandwa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Imvelaphi yakho konke: Ifa laseBerkeley
Konke kwaqala emuva ngawo-70 e-AT&T's Bell Labs, lapho kwadalwa khona i-UNIX. Ngaleso sikhathi, inkampani yayingavunyelwe ukuthengisa isofthiwe ngenxa yezinkinga zomthetho, ngakho banikeza ilayisense ikhodi emanyuvesi. I-University of California, eBerkeley, yaqala ukusebenza yaqala ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuqala locwaningo lwayo. UBill Joy, umfundi ohlakaniphile, nguyena owaqala ukufaka lezi zithuthukisi kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi i-Berkeley Software Distribution.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubudlelwano ne-AT&T baba nzima, kwaphetha ngempi yezomthetho engenangqondo ngezindaba zezentengiselwano. Lokhu kwaphoqa uBerkeley ukuthi adale inguqulo engancikile kukhodi yobunikazi, okwaholela esisekelweni sesofthiwe yamahhala esilethe izinto ezintsha ezintsha, njenge-TCP/IP protocol suite evumela i-inthanethi ukuthi isebenze njengoba siyazi namuhla.
I-BSD vs GNU/Linux: Ayifani
Abantu abaningi bayadida la mazwe amabili ngoba womabili asekelwe ku-UNIX futhi asebenzisa i-terminal, kodwa anomehluko ophawulekayo. Okusobala kakhulu imodeli yokuthuthukisa. Ezweni le-Linux, i-kernel yinto eyodwa futhi amathuluzi omsebenzisi (njengalawo aku-GNU) angenye; umsabalalisi umane awahlanganise ndawonye. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ku-BSD, ithimba lokuthuthukisa liphatha kokubili i-kernel kanye nezinsiza eziyinhloko njengento yonke ehlanganisiwe.
Bese kuba nenkinga yelayisensi. Nakuba iLinux isebenzisa i-GPL, edinga ukuthuthukiswa kokwabelana uma isofthiwe isatshalaliswa, ilayisensi ye-BSD ivulekile kakhulu futhi ivumela . Ngokuyisisekelo, ikuvumela ukuthi wenze noma yini oyifunayo ngekhodi, uyivale bese uyithengisa. Yingakho izinkampani ezifana ne-Apple ne-Microsoft zikwazile ukuhlanganisa izingxenye ze-BSD emikhiqizweni yazo ngaphandle kokudalula izimfihlo zazo zokuhweba.
Ngokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, i-Linux inokusekelwa okubanzi kakhulu kwehadiwe. Ukufaka i-BSD kwi-laptop yesimanje kungaba yikhanda elibuhlungu, njengoba abashayeli ababalulekile ngezinye izikhathi bengekho noma ukumiswa kwesistimu kungasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, banikeza ukuzinza kanye nokuvumelana kwesakhiwo okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ezindaweni zeseva.
Ukusatshalaliswa okufanele kakhulu
Uma unesifiso sokwazi futhi ufuna ukuzama eyodwa, kunezinketho eziningana kuye ngokuthi ufunani:
- I-FreeBSDInkanyezi yeqembu futhi ithandwa kakhulu. Igxile ekusebenzeni okuphezulu futhi iyintandokazi yokusetha amaseva ewebhu noma isitoreji. Iqinile kangangokuthi yasebenza njengesisekelo sesistimu yokusebenza ye-PlayStation 4.
- I-NetBSDIsifiso sabo esikhulu ukuphatheka kalula. Isiqubulo sabo esithi "Yebo isebenza nge-NetBSD" asiyona ihlaya; empeleni bakwazile ukuyenza isebenze. cishe noma yiluphi ulwakhiwokusukela kubaprosesa abadala kuya emisebenzini yasemkhathini ye-NASA.
- I-OpenBSDUkuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu lapha. Ikhodi ibuyekezwa ngokucophelela ukuze kususwe noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka, futhi kufakwa izinsizakalo ezincane kuphela ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi. Iyithuluzi elifanele lokwakha ama-firewall angangeneki.
- DragonFly BSDI-FreeBSD enqume ukuhamba ngendlela yayo, yenza ngcono ukuphathwa kwamaprosesa amaningi futhi yakha uhlelo lwayo lwamafayela olubizwa nge-HAMMER.
- I-GhostBSD kanye ne-NomadBSDLezi izinketho ezilula kakhulu ukusebenziseka. I-GhostBSD ihlose ukwenza izinto zibe lula kubasebenzisi bedeskithophu, kuyilapho i-NomadBSD iklanyelwe... boot kusuka ku-USB ngaphandle kokuthinta i-hard drive.
Ezinye izinto ezisuselwe kokunye nezinto ezimangalisayo
Kuyathakazelisa ukubona ukuthi ikhodi ye-BSD ifinyelele kanjani emikhiqizweni yezentengiselwano. Isibonelo esicacile yi-macOS ye-Apple, lapho i-Darwin kernel yayo iyinzalo eqondile ye-BSD. Siphinde sithole ukusetshenziswa kuma-router avela kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene kanye nase-Windows networking stack. Kukhona amaphrojekthi akhethekile kakhulu njenge -pfSense kanye ne-OPNsense , empeleni ahlelwe yi-FreeBSD ukuze asebenze njenge-firewall enamandla nama-router.
Ezingeni labasebenzisi abathuthukile, kunezinketho ezifana ne-MidnightBSD ezizama ukunikeza ulwazi olufana ne-Linux, kufaka phakathi izindawo ezifana ne-Xfce ukukusiza ukuthi uzulazule ohlelweni. Naphezu kwesabelo sabo semakethe esincane (ngaphansi kuka-0,5% emakethe yedeskithophu), bagcina umphakathi osebenzayo kakhulu obeka phambili ukuzinza kobuchwepheshe kunezishoshovu zezepolitiki ezihlobene nelayisense.
Umndeni wezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-BSD umele ibhalansi phakathi kwamandla e-UNIX kanye nenkululeko yomthombo ovulekile, ehlukaniswa ngentuthuko yawo eqhubekayo kanye nokuvunyelwa ngokomthetho. Nakuba kungezona izindawo ezifanele zokufaka esikhundleni somsebenzisi ojwayelekile ngenxa yemikhawulo yehadiwe, zihlala ziyizinsika eziyisisekelo zengqalasizinda yedijithali yomhlaba wonke kanye nenketho engenakwehlulwa kulabo abafuna ukuphepha okukhulu noma ukulawula okuphelele iseva yabo.
