- Ibhethri lokuqala le-quantum elisebenzayo liqinisekisa ngokuhlola ukumuncwa okukhulu: lishaja ngokushesha uma uhlelo lukhulu.
- Lo modeli usekelwe ku-microcavity enezinto eziningi eziphilayo eshajwa nge-laser futhi iqedela umjikelezo wokushaja, wokugcina kanye nokukhipha ishaja.
- Okwamanje amandla ayo nesikhathi sayo sokugcina izinto zincane kakhulu, kodwa ivula indlela ethembisayo yamakhompyutha e-quantum kanye nokushaja okusheshayo.
- Inselele enkulu manje ukwandisa isikhathi sokugcina nokukhulisa idivayisi ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuhambisana kwe-quantum kanye nokusebenza kahle okunengqondo.
Cabanga ngefoni yakho ephathekayo ishaja cishe ngokushesha, noma imoto kagesi igcwalisa uphethiloli ngesikhathi esincane kunesidingekayo ukugcwalisa ithangi likaphethiloli namuhla. Kuzwakala njengenganekwane yesayensi, kodwa iqembu lososayensi base-Australia lisanda kuthatha isinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile sokwenza leso simo sibe ngokoqobo: bakhe i ibhethri lokuqala elisebenzayo le-quantum emhlabeni, ithuluzi langempela elishaja, ligcine futhi likhiphe amandla ngokusebenzisa imithetho ye-quantum mechanics esikhundleni se-chemistry yakudala.
Le mpumelelo akuyona nje into yokulinga exakile, kodwa ubufakazi bomqondo oqinisekisa umqondo obewusakazwa ezihlokweni zemfundiso iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi: ukuthi ibhethri le-quantum lingakwazi uma inkulu, ishaja ngokusheshaLokhu kuphambene kakhulu nalokho okwenzeka ngamabhethri amanje, lapho amandla amaningi esho izikhathi zokulinda ezinde. Nakuba sisabheka uhlobo lwelebhu olunemandla amancane kanye nezikhathi zokugcina ezimfushane kakhulu, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuvula insimu entsha ye- isitoreji samandla esingenantambo esishesha kakhulu futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukunika amandla amakhompyutha e-quantum ngendlela ephumelelayo.
Iyini ibhethri le-quantum futhi lihluke kanjani kubhethri elivamile?
Ibhethri elivamile, njengebhethri le-lithium-ion efonini yakho noma emotweni kagesi, lisekelwe ku- ukusabela kwe-electrochemicalAma-ion ahamba phakathi kwama-electrode nge-electrolyte, eqoqa noma ekhulula amandla ngesimo sogesi kagesi. Kuwubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kakhulu, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo kunqunyelwe yi-chemistry kanye nemiphumela efana nokumelana kwangaphakathi noma ukukhiqizwa kokushisa njengoba usayizi ukhula.
Ibhethri le-quantum lithatha indlela ehluke ngokuphelele: alincikile ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali, kodwa izakhiwo ze-quantum zezinto njengokuma endaweni eyodwa, ukubhajwa, kanye nokusabela okuhlangene kwama-molecule amaningi avuselelwe ngasikhathi sinye. Esikhundleni samaseli azimele e-electrochemical, uhlelo lusebenza njengeqoqo lamayunithi okugcina asebenza ngendlela ehlelekile, eshintshana amandla nokukhanya ndawonye kunokuba kube ngelinye nelinye.
Kumodeli wase-Australia, inhliziyo yale divayisi iwuhlobo lwe- i-microcavity ephilayo enezingqimba eziningiKuyisakhiwo esincane esenziwe ngezingqimba eziningana zezinto eziphilayo ezihlanganisiwe ezakha into efana "nesandwich" esikalini esincane. Phakathi kwalezi zingqimba kukhona ama-exciton avaliwe (ama-quasi-particles achaza ama-electron-hole pairs ajabule) anesibopho sokubamba nokugcina amandla afika ngesimo sokukhanya.
Uma le microcavity ikhanyiswa nge-laser ehlelwe ngokukhethekile, ama-molecule awamunci amandla ngokwawo njengasephaneli yelanga yakudala, kodwa kunalokho angena esimweni esihlangene lapho Zonke ziyabambisana ekumuncweni kwama-photonLokhu kuziphatha okuhlangene, okuchazwe ngobuchwepheshe yi-quantum field theory in optical cavities, yikho okwenza le divayisi ibe yibhethri le-quantum langempela.
Into ephawulekayo ukuthi abacwaningi abazange bayeke ukubonisa ukuthi bangakwazi ukuvusa uhlelo: bakwazile ukuqeda umjikelezo webhethri ogcwele. Ngamanye amazwi, bafeze shaja, gcina futhi ukhiphe amandla ngesimo sogesi kagesi ekamelweni lokushisa, into okungekho enye indlela yebhethri ye-quantum eye yafinyelelwa kuze kube manje nazo zonke izigaba ezichazwe kahle.
Ubani obangela i-prototype yokuqala yebhethri ye-quantum esebenzayo?
Impumelelo iwumsebenzi wenhlangano eyakhiwe yi-ejensi yesayensi kazwelonke yase-Australia, i-CSIRO, i-RMIT University, kanye ne-University of Melbourne. Lo msebenzi uholwa yi UJames Quach, umcwaningi we-CSIRO ogxile kubuchwepheshe be-quantum, ochithe iminyaka elandela umqondo wokuhumusha izibikezelo zemfundiso mayelana namabhethri e-quantum abe yidivayisi yelabhorethri ebonakalayo.
Emuva ngo-2018, uQuach kanye nabalingani bakhe baqala ukuhlola imiklamo esekelwe kuma-microcavities e-organic, kwathi ngo-2022 bamemezela isibonelo sokuqala esingaphelele ikwazi ukukhombisa ngokuhlola ukuthi, ngosayizi wesistimu omkhulu, isivinini sokushaja sanda, njengoba nje izibalo zibonisile. Nokho, leyo nguqulo yayinephutha elibalulekile: yayingashajwa, kodwa kwakungekho ndlela ecacile nephumelelayo yokubuyisa amandla agciniwe.
Emsebenzini omusha, oshicilelwe kumagazini Ukukhanya: Isayensi Nezicelo Kusukela eqenjini le-Nature (DOI 10.1038/s41377-026-02240-6), ithimba lixazulule le nkinga ngokungeza izendlalelo ezengeziwe kudivayisi ezisebenza njengesixhumi esiphakathi kwamandla avaleleke emgodini kanye nesekethe yangaphandle. Lezi zendlalelo ziguqula amandla avaleleke emgodini omncane abe yi- ugesi osebenzisekayo, ukuvala okokuqala umjikelezo wokusebenza kwebhethri le-quantum.
Abantu abanjengoJames Hutchison noTrevor Smith, abavela eNyuvesi yaseMelbourne, abaphethe ucwaningo, bahlanganyele kulo msebenzi. i-spectroscopy esheshayo kakhulu Lezi zinsimbi zivumela abacwaningi ukuthi babone ukuguquguquka kwesistimu ku-femtosecond kanye ne-nanosecond timescales. Abacwaningi abavela ku-RMIT, njengoDaniel Tibben, banegalelo ekwakhiweni nasekuchazweni kwedivayisi, kanti amalungu e-CSIRO afana noKieran Hymas anikeze ukwesekwa ezicini zobunjiniyela kanye nokuhlolwa.
Ukushicilelwa kwephephabhuku elinomthelela omkhulu kanye nokubambisana phakathi kwezikhungo eziningana ezisunguliwe kunikeza isisindo esikhulu sesayensi kulokhu okutholakele. Lokhu akusilo ucwaningo oluzimele noma oluyindaba nje, kodwa kunengxenye eyodwa ocwaningweni olukhulu. umugqa wocwaningo oluqhubekayo kumabhethri e-quantum athuthuke kusukela ku-theory kuya ku-hardware eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi.
Indlela ibhethri le-quantum elisebenza ngayo: kusukela ku-laser kuya ku-electrical current
Indlela yokusebenza yalo modeli ingafingqwa ngezigaba ezintathu: ukushaja, ukugcina, nokukhipha. Isigaba ngasinye sincike ezimweni ezibonakalayo ezihluke kakhulu kwezebhethri lamakhemikhali elivamile, yize umphumela jikelele—ukuba namandla kagesi adingekayo—ufana ngokomqondo. Imininingwane yokuthi konke kuhlangana kanjani yikho okwenza kube mnandi ngempela.
La ukushaja isigaba Kuqala lapho i-laser pulse ikhanyisa i-microcavity ephilayo. Le laser ihlelwe ngokucophelela ngokuvama nangobunamandla ukuze ivuse izimo ezihlangene zama-molecule edivayisi. Ubude be-pulse bufushane kakhulu: sikhuluma ngama-femtoseconds, okungukuthi, i-quadrillionth eyodwa yomzuzwana (10⁻¹⁵ s), izikhathi ezimfushane kakhulu kangangokuthi zingatholakala kuphela ngamathuluzi e-ultrafast spectroscopy.
Phakathi nalokho kuphazima kwesikhashana, ama-molecule akha umgodi angena ohlelweni lwe- ukubambisana okuphezuluEsikhundleni sokumunca ama-photon ngalinye ngalinye, asebenza njengohlelo oluvumelanisiwe oluhlanganyela isimo esifanayo se-quantum. Umphumela owusizo uwukuthi amandla e-laser afakwa kudivayisi ngendlela ephumelelayo kakhulu futhi ngokushesha okukhulu, agcinwa ngesimo sokuzijabulisa okuhlangene (ama-polariton noma ezinye izimo ze-light-matter hybrid, kuye ngemodeli eningiliziwe).
Uma i-pulse isiphelile, ibhethri lihlala lisesimweni sokujabula. Yilapho-ke isigaba sokugcinaNakuba isikhathi sokugcina sisesifushane kakhulu ngokwezinhlelo zokusebenza zangempela (ama-nanosecond, amasekhondi angu-10), abacwaningi baphawule ukuthi amandla agcinwa cishe isikhathi isikhathi esengeziwe sama-oda ayisithupha ngobukhulu kunesikhathi esichithwe ekulayisheni. Okusho ukuthi, uma inqubo yokulayisha ilinganiswa ngamasekhondi angu-femto, isitoreji sifinyelela kumasekhondi angu-nano, okuthi, ngokombono wefiziksi yezinto zokwakha, isilinganiso sesikhathi sokulayisha/sokugcina esimangalisayo kakhulu.
Ekugcineni, ngoba isigaba sokukhiphaIdivayisi ihlanganisa izendlalelo ezisebenzayo ezihambisa amandla agciniwe koxhumana nabo bakagesi. Ngale ndlela, ukukhushulwa kwe-quantum kwesikhala kuhunyushwa kube ugesi olinganisekayo ngaphandle, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedela umjikelezo webhethri elisebenzayo: liyashaja ngokukhanya, ligcina amandla isikhathi esinqunyiwe, bese liwaletha njengogesi, konke lokhu... lokushisa lasekamelweni, ngaphandle kwesidingo sezimo ezibucayi kakhulu.
I-Superabsorption: kungani ishaja ngokushesha uma inkulu
Isici esiyingqayizivele kakhulu samabhethri e-quantum ukuziphatha kwawo lapho usayizi wesistimu ulinganiswa. Ebhethrini elivamile, uma uphinda kabili umthamo, ngokuvamile... khulisa isikhathi sokulayisha (ngaphezu kokulahlekelwa ukushisa okukhulu kanye nokumelana kwangaphakathi). Ngokuphambene nalokho, ebhethri le-quantum elinomuncu ophezulu, kwenzeka okuthile okuphambene ngokuphelele: njengoba inani lama-molecule noma amayunithi okugcina landa, isikhathi sokushaja ngeyunithi ngayinye siyafinyezwa.
Ngokwezobuchwepheshe, abacwaningi bachaza isikhathi sokulayisha njengesincishisiwe cishe njenge 1/√Nlapho i-N iyinani lama-molecule ahilelekile enqubweni ehlangene. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uphinda kabili "usayizi" webhethri, isivinini sokushaja esisebenzayo senhlangano siyathuthuka futhi isikhathi esidingekayo sincishiswa cishe ngesigamu; njengoba uqhubeka nokwandisa, inzuzo iyaqhubeka, esikhundleni sokujezisa ijubane njengoba kwenzeka ngamabhethri endabuko.
Lesi simo sokumuncwa ngokweqile noma i-superextensivity asisisha emcabangweni: saphakanyiswa eminyakeni engaphezu kweyishumi edlule futhi, ngo-2022, saqinisekiswa ngokwengxenye ekuhlolweni okwabonisa ukuthi izinhlelo zama-molecule ezivalelwe emgodini zingamunca amandla ndawonye ngokushesha kunesamba seminikelo yomuntu ngamunye. Lokho umsebenzi wamanje okufaka isandla kukho yilokhu ukuqinisekiswa komjikelezo okuphelele kubhethri elisebenzayo: kuboniswa ukuthi indlela efanayo isebenza ukushaja, ukunakekela kanye nokukhipha amandla angasetshenziswa kamuva.
Ngokombono womqondo, lesi sakhiwo sibhala kabusha omunye wemithetho eyisisekelo lapho uhlelo lokugcina amandla lwakhiwe khona: okokuqala ngqa sinedivayisi lapho Isikali asiyona inkinga, kodwa siyindlela enhleUma inkokhelo inkulu, kungcono, okungenani ngaphakathi kohlelo lapho kugcinwa khona ukuhambisana kwe-quantum okuhlangene.
UQuach ngokwakhe ukufingqa ngokucacile esitatimendeni sakhe: imiphumela yakhe iqinisekisa umphumela we-quantum "ongavumelani ngokuphelele", lapho amabhethri e-quantum eshaja khona ngokushesha uma emakhulu, into engabonakali kunoma yimaphi amabhethri ezentengiselwano anamuhla. Lokhu okuphawuliwe, okushicilelwe ephephabhukwini eliphezulu, kusekela ngokuqinile umqondo wokuthi I-Superabsorption iyithuluzi langempela ukuklama amabhethri esikhathi esizayo, hhayi nje icebo lezibalo ephepheni.
Amabhethri e-Quantum uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium-ion: ukuqhathanisa okuqondile
Ukuze uqonde kangcono ububanzi be-advance, kuyasiza ukuqhathanisa ibhethri le-quantum kanye nebhethri le-a ibhethri elijwayelekile le-lithium-ionokuwubuchwepheshe obubusayo namuhla, kusukela kuma-smartphone kuya ezimotweni zikagesi. Nakuba zenzelwe ukuxazulula inkinga efanayo (ukugcina amandla), indlela ezenza ngayo lokho kanye nokulinganiselwa kwazo kuhluke kakhulu ezicini eziningana ezibalulekile.
Okokuqala, i indlela yokulayishaIbhethri le-lithium lisekelwe ekuphenduleni kwe-redox, ngama-ion ahamba phakathi kwe-anode ne-cathode. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibhethri le-quantum alinawo ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; kunalokho, lisebenzisa imiphumela ye-quantum ehlanganisiwe emgodini obonakalayo. Lokhu ngokwethiyori kuyivumela ukuthi isebenze ngemijikelezo yokushaja nokukhipha okusheshayo kakhulu, ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezifanayo zokuguguleka nokwephuka ezithinta izinto ezisebenzayo zamabhethri e-lithium.
La isivinini sokulayisha Lena enye indawo lapho umehluko umangalisa khona. Ibhethri lefoni ephathekayo lingathatha noma yikuphi kusukela emashumini emizuzu kuya ngaphezu kwehora ukushaja, kanti ibhethri lemoto kagesi lingadinga noma yini kusukela emahoreni amaningana okushaja kancane kuya kumashaja asheshayo asathatha amashumi emizuzu kuphela. Ibhethri le-quantum elithuthukiswe elebhu lishaja kuma-femtoseconds, lishesha ngokuphindwe izigidigidi. Ngokusobala, inani lamandla ahilelekile lincane kakhulu, kodwa isimiso somzimba esiyisisekelo sibeka umkhawulo wejubane odlula kakhulu owezobuchwepheshe bamanje.
Ngokuqondene ne indlela yokushajaAmabhethri avamile adinga ikhebula noma, okungcono kakhulu, ikhoyili yokungenisa eseduze kakhulu yokushaja okungenantambo. I-quantum prototype ishaja kabusha isebenzisa i-laser, okusho ukuthi ayinantambo ngokuphelele futhi ikude, okukhomba ezinhlelweni zamandla ezikude zesikhathi esizayo ezisebenzisa imisebe yokukhanya, uma nje izinkinga zokuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokulawulwa kwemithetho zixazululwa kamuva.
Isithende esikhulu sika-Achilles sebhethri le-quantum namuhla yi- isikhathi sokugcinaIbhethri le-lithium ligcina amandla alo agciniwe amahora noma izinsuku, ngokulahlekelwa okulinganiselwe. Idivayisi ye-quantum igcina ukushaja kwayo amasekhondi amancane kuphela, okwenza kube nzima okwamanje ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke. Noma kunjalo, isilinganiso phakathi kwesikhathi sokushaja nesikhathi sokugcina—umehluko wama-oda ayisithupha ngobukhulu—sibonisa iwindi lokusebenza eliwusizo lokuhlola ukuthi lawo masekhondi amancane anganwetshwa yini ezikalini ezinde kakhulu.
Ekugcineni, i ukukhubazeka Zikhomba ngezindlela eziphambene. Ukwandisa amabhethri amakhemikhali kuhilela ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuphepha, ukushisa ngokweqile, kanye nemikhawulo yokuthuthwa kwama-ion. Kumabhethri e-quantum, inkolelo-mbono iphakamisa ukuthi ukusebenza kuyathuthuka ngosayizi ngenxa yokumuncwa kakhulu, okwenza ukwandisa kube umgomo okhangayo. Inselele iwukufeza lokhu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuhambisana kwe-quantum futhi ngaphandle kokukhulisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-optical.
Isimo samanje se-prototype: impumelelo yangempela kanye nemikhawulo
Kuleli qophelo kulula ukuthatheka yizithembiso, kodwa kubalulekile ukucacisa kahle: amandla wamanje Amandla alo modeli mancane kakhulu. Sikhuluma ngobukhulu obulingana nezigidigidi zama-electronvolts, izinombolo, nakuba zimangalisa ku-particle physics, cishe ziyi-zero maqondana namandla asebenzayo uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okudingwa yinoma iyiphi idivayisi yezentengiselwano.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, isikhathi sokugcina silinganiswa ngamasekhondi amancane, okwenza kube nzima ukucabanga ukuthi inika amandla ifoni ephathekayo, ikhaya, noma imoto. ubufakazi belebhu bomqondoAkuyona umkhiqizo wangaphambi kokuthengiswa. Ithimba ngokwalo ligcizelela ukuthi kusenomsebenzi omkhulu okusamele wenziwe ukuguqula lo mbono ube yinto engaphuma emalabhorethri ingene embonini.
Nokho, lokhu kuhlola kuxazulula isithiyo esiyinhloko somqondo: kubonisa ukuthi ungakwazi layisha, lungisa futhi ulayishe Amandla agcinwe ngokuhambisanayo kudivayisi eyodwa ekushiseni kwegumbi, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswa iminyaka eyishumi yezibikezelo zemfundiso. Kuye kwaboniswa nokuthi amandla agcinwa ngesilinganiso sama-oda ayisithupha ngobukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sokushaja, okwenza kucace ukuthi ukulahlekelwa ukuhambisana akusikho ngokushesha, njengoba kwakusatshwa ekuqaleni kumamodeli amaningi.
Esinye isici esihlukanisayo uma siqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela ukusebenza ngaphandle kwesidingo sokupholisa i-cryogenic. Ezinye izivivinyo zokugcina i-quantum zangaphambilini kanye nama-prototypes asekelwe ku-superconductor adinga amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu ukuze asebenze, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo okungokoqobo. Kulokhu, i- ukusebenza ekamelweni lokushisa Lokhu kuyinzuzo enkulu uma kukhulunywa ngokucabanga ngokukhuliswa noma ukuhlanganiswa kwesikhathi esizayo nezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi ezivamile.
Ngokombono wokuhlela ubuchwepheshe, ababhali ngokwabo bakhuluma ngakho iminyaka noma ngisho amashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba sibone amabhethri e-quantum asebenza kahle kwezentengiselwano. Akuyona into esizoyiqaphela ezindaweni zokushaja ngonyaka ozayo, kodwa kuyindlela yocwaningo yesikhathi eside ezothuthuka ngokuhambisana nezinye izixazululo eziseduze nemakethe, njengebhethri lokugeleza, amabhethri esihlabathi, noma amakhemikhali amasha angenayo i-lithium okugcina izinto endaweni emile.
Izicelo ezingaba khona: kusukela kumakhompyutha e-quantum kuya ezimotweni zikagesi
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqala ukwakheka, kungaba ubuwula ukulindela ukuthi busetshenziswe ngokushesha emikhiqizweni yabathengi. Noma kunjalo, kunezimo eziningana lapho amabhethri e-quantum angalingana kahle uma bekwazi ukunqoba izithiyo zamanje, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho isivinini sokulayisha kanye nokuhambisana kwe-quantum kubaluleke kakhulu kunomthamo omkhulu wesitoreji.
Icala lokusetshenziswa elisobala kakhulu esikhathini esifushane nesiphakathi yileli amakhompyutha we-quantumLezi zinhlelo zisebenza ngama-qubits abucayi kakhulu, isimo sawo okumele sihlale sihambisana ngenkathi kwenziwa imisebenzi. Ukuzisebenzisa ngemithombo yamandla yakudala kuletha umsindo nokuguquguquka okungonakalisa ikhwalithi yokubala. Ibhethri le-quantum, elishaja futhi likhiphe ngokulandela imithetho efanayo ye-quantum njengeprosesa, linganikeza amandla njalo, linciphise ukuphazamiseka futhi lithuthukise ukuzinza kwesistimu.
Ngale kombuso we-quantum, abacwaningi bacabanga ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ku izimoto zikagesiUmbono wesikhathi eside uwukuthi abashayeli bezimoto zikagesi bazokwazi ukugcwalisa kabusha izimoto zabo ngokushesha kakhulu kunokugcwalisa ithangi likaphethiloli namuhla, okunciphisa kakhulu esinye sezithiyo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa. Uma lesi simo sokumuncwa ngokweqile singasetshenziswa kumadivayisi anomthamo ophezulu, izikhathi zokulinda ezindaweni zokushaja zingancishiswa zibe yimizuzu noma ngisho nemizuzwana.
Esinye isicelo esikhangayo kungaba yi- ukushaja okungenantambo okudeNjengoba lo modeli ugcwele ukukhanya kwe-laser, akunangqondo ukucabanga ngezinhlelo eziletha amandla aqondiwe kumadivayisi akude, izinzwa ze-IoT, imishini yezokwelapha efakwayo, noma ngisho nama-drones namarobhothi ezimboni. Ngokusobala, izinkinga zokuphepha nokusebenza kahle kuzodingeka kubhekwane nazo, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi indlela eyinhloko isebenza ngama-photon livula iminyango okunzima ukuyifinyelela ngokufakwa kwamandla kagesi okuvamile.
Ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kumadivayisi aphathekayo nagqokekayo nakho kuyakhulunywa ngakho, lapho umgomo ungekho kakhulu ukugcina amandla amaningi njengoba ishaja kabusha ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu. Cabanga ngama-headphone, ama-smartwatch, noma izibuko ze-augmented reality ezishaja ngemizuzwana ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuxhunywa kukhebula, zisebenzisa imisebe yokukhanya elawulwayo ezindaweni ezivalekile njengamahhovisi noma amakhaya.
Esimweni sezimboni kanye nengqalasizinda, uma ama-prototypes anesikhathi eside sokugcina kanye namandla aphezulu etholakala, amabhethri e-quantum angahlanganiswa amagridi kagesi ahlakaniphile kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela amandla avuselelekayo, ezisebenza njengezindawo zokusabela ezisheshayo kakhulu ekufuneni okuphezulu noma ukushintshashintsha okungazelelwe ekukhiqizweni kwamandla elanga noma omoya. Nokho, ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, kuzodingeka kuqala kube nokwanda okukhulu kwezinto zokwakha, ubunjiniyela, kanye nokukhula.
Izinselele ezivelele kanye nombono wentuthuko
Ithimba le-CSIRO kanye namanyuvesi ahilelekile basobala kakhulu ngalokho okusamele kwenziwe. Isinyathelo esilandelayo sobuchwepheshe esibalulekile yilesi yandisa isikhathi sokugcina kwamandla akudivayisi. Ukusuka kuma-nanoseconds kuya kuma-microseconds, ama-milliseconds, futhi ekugcineni, kuya ezikalini ezifana nezidingo ze-electronics zangempela mhlawumbe kuyinselele eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngoba kuhilela ukugcina ukuhambisana kwe-quantum isikhathi eside kakhulu ngaphandle kokubhubhisa imvelo ehlangene.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuzodingeka sikala usayizi wedivayisi Ngale kwe-microcavity yamanje yezinto eziphilayo, ngenkathi kugcinwa umphumela wokumuncwa okukhulu, njengoba inani lama-molecule landa futhi isakhiwo sanda, imiphumela emisha yokuphazamiseka, ukulahleka kokubona, kanye nezinkinga zokukhiqiza kungavela okusolwayo okwamanje kuphela ekulingiseni. Ukuxazulula lokhu kuzodinga intuthuko kwisayensi yezinto zokwakha, ama-photonics ahlanganisiwe, kanye namasu okwenziwa kwe-nanofabrication.
Kusamele futhi kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwamandla jikelele kwesistimu: ukuthi kungakanani amandla alethwa ku-laser, ukuthi kungakanani okungena ngempela emgodini, kungakanani okulahlekayo njengokushisa noma ukukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo, nokuthi kungakanani okugcine kubuyiselwe njengomsinga kagesi. Ukuze incintisane nobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, ibhethri le-quantum kuzodingeka libonise hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi liyashesha kakhulu, kodwa futhi nokuthi amandla eliwaphathayo asetshenziswa kahle.
Ngale kwe-physics emsulwa, kunezinselele zokushintshela emakethe: ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziphindaphindwayo nezikhuliswayo, ukuchaza amazinga okuphepha okushaja nge-laser, ukuhlanganisa la madivayisi nezinto zikagesi ezikhona, kanye, ukwenza izindleko zamukeleke Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela ezifana ne-lithium, amabhethri okugeleza, noma isitoreji sokushisa, amabhethri e-quantum kulindeleke ukuthi ahlale ezindaweni ezithile (njenge-quantum computing noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibaluleke kakhulu) okungenani isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokufika emakethe enkulu.
Okwamanje, indawo yokugcina amandla izohlala ihlukahlukene. Ubuchwepheshe obufana amabhethri esihlabathi Ukuze kugcinwe ukushisa okungabizi, amabhethri okugeleza angenalo i-lithium asetshenziswa ekhaya noma amakhemikhali amasha e-sodium-sulfur okusetshenziswa okumile asevele eseduze nokuthengiswa. Ibhethri le-quantum livela njengenye yezingcezu ezithuthukisiwe zaleyo puzzle, ikakhulukazi endaweni yokushaja okusheshayo kakhulu futhi okungenantambo lapho—futhi uma—ivuthwa ngokwanele.
Uma sibheka ndawonye, ibhethri lokuqala le-quantum elisebenzayo libonisa ukuthi umqondo ozwakala sengathi uyisiphukuphuku semfundiso ungagcwaliseka kudivayisi yangempela ekwaziyo phula ubudlelwano obujwayelekile phakathi kosayizi nesikhathi sokulayishaNakuba umthamo wabo wamanje mncane futhi ifasitela labo lokugcina lifushane kakhulu, iqiniso elilula lokuvala umjikelezo wokushaja, ukubamba, nokukhipha amandla ekushiseni kwegumbi lishintsha ingxoxo ngalokho okungenzeka emkhakheni wokugcina amandla. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, impikiswano ayisekho ukuthi amabhethri e-quantum angasebenza yini, kodwa ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi zingaki izinyathelo ezizodingeka ukuze ayeke ukuba yisilingo selabhorethri futhi aqale ukuthonya indlela esishaja ngayo amadivayisi ethu futhi sinikeze amandla ingqalasizinda yesikhathi esizayo.
